NCLEX-PN
Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The client diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia receives a bone marrow transplant. Which medication to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) should the nurse plan to administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A. Antibiotics such as ceftazidime (Fortaz) are administered to prevent infection. B. GVHD occurs when the T lymphocytes proliferate from the transplanted donor marrow and mount an immune response against the recipient’s tissues. An immunosuppressant such as cyclosporine (Neoral) prevents the immune response. C. Cisplatin (Platinol AQ) is administered mainly to treat metastatic testicular, ovarian, and cervical carcinoma; advanced bladder cancer; and head and neck cancer. D. Interferons such as peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) have antiviral activity, which decrease the progression of hepatic damage associated with hepatitis A and B. This would only be administered if the transplanted cells transmitted the disease. The biological agent interferon is used to treat follicular low-grade lymphomas.
Question 2 of 5
Which laboratory result would the nurse expect in the client diagnosed with DIC?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DIC consumes clotting factors, lowering fibrinogen (
B). PT is prolonged (
A), platelets decrease (
C), and WBCs (
D) are nonspecific.
Question 3 of 5
A client who receives a diagnosis of pernicious anemia asks why she must receive vitamin shots. What is the best answer for the nurse to give?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pernicious anemia, the lack of intrinsic factor prevents absorption of vitamin B12 from foods, necessitating injections.
Question 4 of 5
Which action should the nurse expect to perform after a client has a bone marrow biopsy taken from the iliac crest?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying an adhesive bandage to the site after a bone marrow biopsy prevents bleeding and protects the area. Pressure is typically applied for longer, narcotics are not routine, and recumbent positioning is not required.
Question 5 of 5
The client with a primary diagnosis of liver cancer with metastases to the lung is hospitalized with severe dyspnea. The nurse is preparing the client for radiation of the upper chest. Which nursing conclusion about the purpose of radiation therapy for this client is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A. Radiation of the upper chest would have no effect on the liver located in the abdominal cavity. B. Preventing future cancer development is not the intention of radiation therapy for this client. C. Radiation therapy reduces size of tumors but would not be expected to cure cancer in this client. D. Primary liver tumors commonly metastasize to the lung, which can cause obstructive symptoms. In this client, radiation therapy to the lung would be used as a palliative care modality to help relieve distressing symptoms such as dyspnea.