NCLEX-PN
Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies NCLEX Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The client, admitted to the ED, is prescribed to receive 0.5 mg epinephrine subcutaneously for treatment of a severe asthma attack. The medication for injection is supplied in a vial that contains 5 mg/mL. How many milliliters of epinephrine should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: 0.1
Rationale: Use a proportion to determine the amount in milliliters; then multiply the extremes (outside values) and the means (inside values) and solve for X. 5 mg: 1 mL :: 0.5 mg: X mL; 5X = 0.5 mL; X = 0.1 mL; the nurse should administer 0.1 mL of epinephrine (Adrenalin).
Question 2 of 5
The client has been successful at controlling gastroesophageal reflux symptoms without prescription medications. Which OTC medication should the nurse explore whether the client is taking for symptom control?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A: Aspirin increases gastric acid secretion and may worsen symptoms. B: The nurse should explore whether the client is taking famotidine (Pepcid) for symptom control. Famotidine blocks histamine-2 receptors on parietal cells, thus decreasing gastric acid production. C: NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen (Motrin), do not reduce gastric acid. D: Desloratadine (Clarinex) blocks only histamine-1 receptors and is not effective against histamine-2 receptors.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer medications at 1700 to multiple clients with GI problems. Which medication should be the nurse's priority when the meal trays are due to arrive at 1700?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: The nurse's priority should be to administer misoprostol (Cytotec), a gastric protectant, first because it should be taken with meals to minimize diarrhea. B: Famcomputers (Pepcid), a histamine receptor agonist, should be taken after meals. C: Cimetidine (Tagamet H
B), a histamine receptor agonist, should be taken after meals. D: Bisacodyl (Dulcolax), a laxative, should be taken at least one hour after meals.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse teaches the client who has lesions that have not healed and are recurring about the newly prescribed medication ganciclovir. The nurse should document that teaching about ganciclovir was completed for the client with which illustrated condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A: Client A has vitiligo, a skin disorder characterized by the patchy loss of skin pigment. Vitiligo is treated with topical steroids. B: Client B has dried herpes simplex, usually treated with the antiviral medication acyclovir. C: Client C has keloids (hypertrophic scarring), which usually are not treated with medication. D: Ganciclovir (Cytovene) is an antiviral medication used in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes.
Question 5 of 5
The client is to receive a first dose of oral sulfamethoxazole 1 g every 12 hours for treatment of recurrent UTIs. Which information about the client should prompt the nurse to question the medication order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A: History of gastric ulcer is not a contraindication for the use of sulfamethoxazole. B: Type 1 diabetes does not prevent the use of sulfamethoxazole. C: A positive urine culture would be an indication for using sulfamethoxazole. D: Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), a sulfonamide antibiotic, is a category D medication for near-term pregnancy. This means there is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., for a life-threatening illness or a serious disease for which safer medications cannot be used or are ineffective).