NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Medical Surgical Questions and Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Before surgery for a known aortic aneurysm, the client's pulse pressure begins to widen, suggesting increased aortic valvular insufficiency. If the branches of the aortic arch are involved, the nurse should assess the client for:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Widening pulse pressure and aortic arch involvement in an aortic aneurysm suggest possible dissection affecting cerebral perfusion (e.g., carotid artery involvement), leading to disorientation or neurologic changes. Low blood pressure, anxiety, and headache are less specific or unrelated.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following clients is most at risk for potential hazards from the surgical experience?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 68-year-old client is most at risk due to age-related declines in organ function, slower recovery, and higher likelihood of comorbidities, increasing surgical complications.
Question 3 of 5
Which symptom suggests worsening neurological status in a client with a head injury?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased pulse rate (bradycardia) may indicate increased intracranial pressure, a sign of worsening neurological status.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse has completed an assessment on a client with a decreased cardiac output. Which findings should receive the highest priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Confusion, low urine output, and orthopnea indicate severe heart failure with potential cerebral and renal hypoperfusion, requiring immediate intervention. Other options reflect stable or less urgent findings.
Question 5 of 5
Because a client's renal stone was found to be composed of uric acid, a low-purine, alkaline-ash diet was ordered. Incorporation of which of the following food items into the home diet would indicate that the client understands the necessary diet modifications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Milk, apples, tomatoes, and corn are low-purine and promote an alkaline-ash diet, suitable for uric acid stone prevention.