NCLEX-RN
Medical Surgical NCLEX RN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be prescribed for the client with diabetes mellitus to reduce vascular changes and possibly prevent or delay development of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors protect against renal failure in diabetes by reducing vascular damage and proteinuria.
Question 2 of 5
A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking ibuprofen with another NSAID increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, indicating a knowledge deficit.
Question 3 of 5
A client with colon cancer undergoes surgical removal of a segment of colon and creation of a sigmoid colostomy. What assessments by the nurse indicate the client is developing complications within the first 24 hours? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: A dusky stoma (
B) indicates poor blood supply, no drainage (
C) suggests obstruction or dysfunction, and fever (
D) may indicate infection, all of which are complications post-colostomy. Coarse breath sounds (
A) and decreased bowel sounds (E) are not necessarily indicative of immediate complications.
Question 4 of 5
A 58-year-old female with a family history of CAD is being seen for the annual physical examination. Fasting lab test results include: Total cholesterol 198; LDL cholesterol 120; HDL cholesterol 58; Triglycerides 148; Blood sugar 102; and C-reactive protein (CRP) 4.2. The health care provider informs the client that she will be started on a statin medication and aspirin. The client asks the nurse why she needs to take these medications. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated CRP (4.2) indicates inflammation associated with cardiovascular risk. Statins and aspirin reduce inflammation and prevent cardiovascular events, addressing the client's risk profile.
Question 5 of 5
When receiving a client from the postanesthesia care unit after a splenectomy, which should the nurse assess after obtaining vital signs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a splenectomy, the nurse should assess the dressing for signs of bleeding, as the spleen is highly vascular, and postoperative hemorrhage is a risk. Nasogastric drainage, urinary output, and pain are assessed later, but the dressing is the priority to detect complications.