NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Predictor Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient with Parkinson's disease is experiencing difficulty swallowing. What potential problem associated with dysphagia has the greatest influence on the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a person experiences dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), the greatest concern is aspiration. Aspiration occurs when food or fluids enter the trachea and lungs instead of going down the esophagus. This can lead to serious complications such as choking, airway obstruction, and aspiration pneumonia. Anorexia (
Choice
A) refers to a loss of appetite, which is not the primary concern with dysphagia. Self-care deficit (
Choice
C) and inadequate intake (
Choice
D) are important considerations but do not have as direct an impact on the immediate safety and health risks associated with aspiration in dysphagia.
Question 2 of 5
Before allowing the client's infant granddaughter to visit before the client's scheduled heart transplant, the nurse decides it would be beneficial to collaborate with which of the following? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Collaborating with the client and family is crucial as it fosters a sense of autonomy and active involvement in the healthcare process for the client. Involving other nursing staff ensures the successful implementation of the planned intervention and provides support for the client's needs. Collaboration with the security department or hospital administration is not necessary in this situation, as the focus should be on the client's well-being and family involvement during a sensitive time.
Question 3 of 5
In the Gram Stain procedure, which component acts as the mordant?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the Gram Stain procedure, the mordant is Gram's Iodine. The purpose of the mordant is to form a complex with the crystal violet, enhancing its ability to bind to the cell wall. Crystal violet is actually the primary stain used in the Gram Stain procedure to initially color all cells. Methyl alcohol is the decolorizer that removes the crystal violet from certain cell types. Safranin is the counterstain used to stain those cells that did not retain the crystal violet stain after the decolorization step.
Question 4 of 5
Each small square on the EKG paper is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Each small square on an EKG paper represents 0.04 seconds long and 1mm tall. This standardization is essential for accurate measurements. One large square on EKG paper consists of 5 small squares in length and 5 small squares in height, which equals 0.2 seconds long and 5mm tall (0.5 mV).
Choice A is incorrect because while the duration is correct, the height mentioned is not accurate.
Choice B is incorrect as it provides the correct height but the duration is inaccurate.
Choice C is incorrect as the height mentioned is exaggerated, and the duration is correct but the height is not.
Therefore, the correct answer is 0.04 seconds long and 1mm tall.
Question 5 of 5
Specific gravity in urinalysis:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Specific gravity in urinalysis measures the concentration of solutes in urine compared to that of distilled water. This comparison helps in assessing the kidney's ability to concentrate urine properly. It is a valuable test even in dehydrated patients as it provides insights into renal function. Specific gravity can be measured using various methods, including a refractometer or reagent strips. Normal specific gravity readings of human urine typically range from 1.005 to 1.030.
Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the purpose of specific gravity in urinalysis.
Choices B and C are incorrect as specific gravity remains relevant in dehydrated patients and can be measured using different techniques, not solely a refractometer.