NCLEX-PN
Respiratory System NCLEX Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient was admitted to the intensive care unit 48 hours ago for treatment of a gunshot wound. The patient has recently developed a productive cough and a fever of 104.3 ' $F$. The patient is breathing on their own and doesn't require mechanical ventilation. On assessment, you note coarse crackles in the right lower lobe. A chest x-ray shows infiltrates with consolidation in the right lower lobe. Based on this specific patient scenario, this is known as what type of pneumonia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) develops 48 hours or more after hospital admission, as seen in this patient. Aspiration pneumonia is linked to inhaling foreign material, ventilator-acquired pneumonia requires mechanical ventilation, and community-acquired pneumonia occurs outside healthcare settings.
Question 2 of 5
You're educating a patient with pneumonia how to deep breathe by using an incentive spirometer. Which of the following is the correct way to use this device?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct incentive spirometer use involves slow, deep inhalation to maximize lung expansion, holding the breath for 6 seconds to keep alveoli open, and then exhaling . Other options describe incorrect techniques that don't promote effective lung expansion.
Question 3 of 5
A 25 year-old female patient with pneumonia is prescribed Doxycycline. What question is important to ask the patient prior to administration of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Doxycycline can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so asking about birth control use is critical. Penicillin allergy is unrelated, egg allergy is relevant for vaccines, and diabetes is not a primary concern.
Question 4 of 5
You are about to hang a bag of intravenous Vancomycin for a patient who has severe pneumonia. Which statement by the patient causes you to hold the bag of Vancomycin and notify the doctor immediately?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ringing in the ears indicates potential ototoxicity, a serious vancomycin side effect requiring immediate cessation and physician notification. Other symptoms (A, B,
C) are less specific and not immediately alarming.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is newly diagnosed with COPD due to chronic bronchitis. You're providing education to the patient about this disease process. Which statement by the patient indicates they understood your teaching about this condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis can lead to pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure due to chronic hypoxemia. Smoking cessation slows progression but doesn't cure, low RBCs are not typical, and CO2 drive applies to severe cases.