NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Questions Respiratory Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient has a positive PPD skin test that shows an 8 mm induration. As the nurse you know that:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A positive PPD result does NOT necessarily mean the patient has an active infection of TB. The patient will need a chest x-ray and sputum culture to determine if mycobacterium tuberculosis is present and then treatment will be based on those results. The IGRA test does NOT differentiate between LTBI or an active TB infection. Patients are placed in airborne precautions (NOT droplet) if they have ACTIVE TB.
Question 2 of 5
A 72 year-old male patient who is diagnosed with bilateral lower lobe pneumonia is admitted to your unit. The patient has a history of systolic heart failure and arthritis. On assessment, you note the patient has a respiratory rate of 21 , oxygen saturation $93 \%$ on $2 \mathrm{~L}$ nasal cannula, is alert & oriented, and has a productive cough with green/yellowish sputum. Which of the following nursing interventions will you provide to this patient based on your assessment findings and the patient's diagnosis? Select-all-that-apply:
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Sputum cultures identify the causative organism, and incentive spirometer use promotes lung expansion. Head-of-bed <30 degrees increases aspiration risk, 3L fluids may overload heart failure patients, and Pneumovax is not annual.
Question 3 of 5
Select all the medications used to treat pneumonia that are narrowspectrum?
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Narrow-spectrum antibiotics target specific bacteria. Macrolides and Penicillins are narrow-spectrum, effective against gram-positive bacteria common in pneumonia. Tamiflu is antiviral, and Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement made by the client indicates the nurse's discharge teaching is effective for the client diagnosed with COPD?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Annual flu vaccines (
A) reduce COPD exacerbation risk, even in shortages. Pneumonia vaccines (
B) are not yearly, smoking reduction (
C) is insufficient, and fluid restriction (
D) is incorrect.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement is correct regarding mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an aerobic bacterium. It is acid-fast and stains red (not green) during an acid-fast smear due to its mycolic acid-rich cell wall. It is not anaerobic or alkali.