NCLEX-PN
Pharmacology NCLEX Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is to collect a sputum specimen for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) from a client. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assist with oral hygiene. Obtain a specimen early in the morning after mouth care. The other responses follow this first action: the client should take several deep breaths then cough into the appropriate sterile container to obtain the AFB specimen of the sputum.
Question 2 of 5
The elderly client is in a long-term care facility. If the client does not have a daily bowel movement in the morning, he requests a cathartic, bisacodyl (Dulcolax). Which action is most important for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Daily cathartics risk dependence and electrolyte imbalance; discussing complications educates and promotes safer alternatives like fiber.
Question 3 of 5
A client with an aplastic sickle cell crisis is receiving a blood transfusion and begins to complain of 'feeling hot.' Almost immediately, the client begins to wheeze. What is the nurse's first action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stop the blood infusion. If a reaction of any type is suspected during administration of blood products, stop the infusion immediately, keep the line open with saline, notify the health care provider, monitor vital signs and other changes, and then send a blood sample to the lab.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is administering an antacid to a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for administering this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antacids neutralize acid and coat the stomach, relieving GERD symptoms. Acid suppression, pH decrease, or prostaglandins are unrelated.
Question 5 of 5
A client is receiving dexamethasone (Decadron) therapy. What should the nurse plan to monitor in this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The drug Decadron increases gluconeogenesis. This may lead to hyperglycemia.
Therefore the blood sugar level and acetone production must be monitored.