NCLEX-PN
2024 PN NCLEX Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older client who has a bronchopulmonary infection. The nurse monitors the client's ability to maintain a patent airway because of which factor involved in the normal aging process?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Decreased older client's ability to clear secretions.' Respiratory changes related to the normal aging process decrease an older adult's ability to clear secretions and protect the airway. In healthy older adults, the number of alveoli does not change significantly; their structure, however, is altered. Respiratory system compliance decreases with advancing age because of a progressive loss of elastic recoil of the lung parenchyma and conducting airways, and reduced elastic recoil of the lung and opposing forces of the chest wall. Production of surfactant in the lung does not usually decrease with aging, nor does it increase. However, the production of alveolar cells responsible for surfactant production is diminished.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
Choice A is incorrect because respiratory system compliance decreases with aging.
Choice B is incorrect as the number of alveoli does not significantly decrease in healthy older adults.
Choice D is incorrect as the production of surfactant does not usually decrease with aging.
Question 2 of 5
According to Erikson, which developmental task is a toddler confronting when they develop 'a will of his own' and 'acts as if he can control others'?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Erikson, the correct developmental task for a toddler who has developed 'a will of his own' and 'acts as if he can control others' is Autonomy versus doubt and shame.
Toddlers at this stage are asserting their wills and realizing they can control others, which is part of developing autonomy. However, they may also experience doubt and shame if their assertiveness is met with disapproval. Trust versus mistrust is the developmental task of the infant, where the main focus is on developing trust in the caregiver. Initiative versus guilt is the developmental task of the preschool-age child, emphasizing the balance between taking initiative and feeling guilty. Industry versus inferiority is the developmental task of the school-age child, focusing on competence and self-esteem.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year-old client with type I diabetes is in need of support services upon discharge from a skilled rehabilitation unit. Which of the following services is an example of a skilled support service?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is medication instruction. This is a skilled service that requires specialized knowledge and training to provide proper guidance on medication management for a client with type I diabetes. Grocery shopping, house cleaning, and transportation services are considered unskilled services as they are typically offered by volunteer or fee-for-service agencies and do not require specialized medical expertise. Medication instruction, on the other hand, involves educating the client on how to properly take medications, understand potential side effects, and manage their medication regimen effectively, which necessitates a high level of expertise and training.
Question 4 of 5
During a health assessment, a nurse is assisting with gathering subjective data from a client and plans to ask the client about the medical history of the client's extended family. About which family members would the nurse ask the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins.' When gathering medical history from the client's extended family, it is essential to inquire about relatives beyond the nuclear family, such as aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins, as they share genetic and environmental influences.
Choice C, 'Wife's children from a previous marriage,' pertains to stepchildren, not extended family members.
Choice B, 'Foster children and their parents,' involves individuals who are not biologically related to the client's family.
Choice D, 'Wife and wife's parents,' focuses solely on immediate family members and excludes the client's extended family members, which are crucial for a comprehensive health assessment.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following solutions is routinely used to flush an IV device before and after the administration of blood to a client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 0.9% sodium chloride. Normal saline is 0.9% sodium chloride, which has the same osmolarity as blood and does not cause cell lysis.
Choices 2 and 3, 5% dextrose in water solution and sterile water, are hypotonic solutions that can lead to cell lysis.
Choice 4, heparin sodium, is an anticoagulant and is not used for flushing IV devices before and after blood administration.