NCLEX-PN
Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies NCLEX Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A dose of albuterol 5 mg by nebulization is prescribed for the pediatric client experiencing wheezing from an asthma episode. The medication vial contains 2.5 mg per 3 mL. How many milliliters of medication should the nurse prepare for administration by nebulization?
Correct Answer: 6
Rationale: Use a proportion formula: 2.5 mg : 3 mL :: 5 mg : X mL; multiply the outside values and then the inside values and solve for X; 2.5X = 15; X = 6 mL.
Question 2 of 5
The 3-year-old with LTB is receiving aerosolized racemic epinephrine. Which assessment finding should the nurse recognize as indicating that the treatment is having an adverse effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: Tachycardia is an adverse effect of racemic epinephrine (AsthmaNefrin). B: Hypertension, not hypotension, is an adverse effect of racemic epinephrine; a BP of 60/40 mm Hg in a 3-year-old indicates hypotension. C: A respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min is normal for a 3-year-old. D: A pulse oximetry reading of 90% is concerning and may indicate the need for supplemental oxygen, but it is not an adverse effect from the medication.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing the child's ear with an otoscope prior to administering medications to treat persistent otitis media. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: This shows otitis media characterized by a bulging contour to the tympanic membrane, unclear ossicular landmarks, and yellowish middle ear effusion. B: This shows a perforated tympanic membrane, not otitis media. C: This shows a normal left ear tympanic membrane. The ossicular landmarks can be identified through the tympanic membrane. The nurse would not expect to see a normal tympanic membrane when the child has persistent otitis media. D: This shows the presence of a foreign body in the ear canal.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is teaching the 14-year-old who is being given captopril for the first time. Which explanation would be most appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A: Captopril does not have any effect on asthma. B: While HR may slow in response to lowered BP, this is not the desired effect for which captopril is given. C: Captopril does not have any effect on blood sugar. D: Captopril (Capoten) is an ACE inhibitor and is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in children.
Question 5 of 5
The 16-year-old, hospitalized for barbiturate overdose, is receiving low-dose dopamine at 1 mcg/kg/min. Which finding in the client's medical record illustrated should prompt the nurse to conclude that dopamine is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A: Dopamine (Intropin) will have no effect on decreasing the incidence of PACs. B: Low-dose dopamine, 0.5-2.0 mcg/kg/min, acts on dopaminergic receptor sites along afferent arterioles in the glomerulus, dilates the renal vasculature, and improves urine output. C: Positive inotropic effects of dopamine include an increase in systolic BP with an increase in pulse pressure. D: Positive inotropic effects of dopamine include an increase in systolic BP with little or no effect on DBP.