NCLEX-RN
Free NCLEX RN Questions for Med Surg Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client's serum ammonia level is elevated, and the physician orders 30 mL of lactulose (Cephulac). Which of the following is an adverse effect of this drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lactulose promotes bowel movements (
C) to excrete ammonia, a common adverse effect. Urine output (
A) and consciousness (
B) are not adverse effects. Nausea (
D) is less common.
Question 2 of 5
A client with acute renal failure reports shortness of breath. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Shortness of breath may indicate fluid overload; lung sounds assess for pulmonary edema.
Question 3 of 5
On the second day following an abdominal perineal resection, the nurse notes that the wound edges aren't approximated and one half the incision has torn apart. The nurse should immediately take what action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Covering the wound with a sterile dressing moistened with normal saline protects the open wound from infection and keeps it moist until further medical evaluation. Flushing, applying a binder, or using tape are inappropriate without addressing the dehiscence first. CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Synthesize
Question 4 of 5
A client who had received 25 mL of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) has low back pain and pruritus. After stopping the infusion, the nurse should take what action next?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low back pain and pruritus after 25 mL of PRBCs suggest a transfusion reaction, likely hemolytic or allergic. After stopping the infusion, the nurse should collect blood and urine samples to assess for hemolysis (e.g., free hemoglobin in plasma or urine). Antihistamines may be administered later for allergic symptoms, but lab samples are the priority. Diuretics and vasopressors are not indicated.
Question 5 of 5
After stabilization of Addison's disease, the nurse teaches the client about stress management. The nurse should instruct the client to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Relaxation techniques like music help manage stress, reducing glucocorticoid demands in Addison's disease.