NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Medical Surgical Questions and Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client is to have a transfusion of packed red blood cells from a designated donor. The client asks if any diseases can be transmitted by this donor. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following diseases can be transmitted by a designated donor? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Blood transfusions, even from designated donors, carry a risk of transmitting certain diseases. HIV, CMV, and malaria are known to be transmissible through blood transfusions if the donor is infected, as these pathogens can persist in blood. Epstein-Barr virus is less commonly associated with transfusion transmission, and hepatitis A is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, not blood. The nurse should inform the client of the risks of HIV, CMV, and malaria.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is developing a care plan for a client with hepatic encephalopathy. Which of the following are goals for the care for this client? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Preventing constipation (
A) and administering lactulose (
B) reduce ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy. Coordination (
C) and pupil reaction (
D) are less relevant. High carbohydrates (E) are not specific, and physical activity (F) may be limited.
Question 3 of 5
Experimental and epidemiologic evidence suggests that a high-fat diet increases the risk of several cancers. Which of the following cancers is linked to a high-fat diet?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fat diet is strongly associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, as it can promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, contributing to carcinogenesis.
Question 4 of 5
A client with impaired cardiac functioning is at risk during anesthesia induction with thiopental sodium (Sodium Pentothal) because this drug causes:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thiopental can cause hypotension, which is particularly risky in clients with impaired cardiac function, as it may exacerbate cardiovascular instability during induction.
Question 5 of 5
Of the clients listed below, who is at risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in adults aged 20-50, has a genetic association with HLA-DR4, and may be linked to Epstein-Barr virus. Males are less likely than females to develop RA, and osteoarthritis is a distinct condition.