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NCLEX RN Questions Medical Surgical Nursing Questions

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Question 1 of 5

A client developed shock after a severe myocardial infarction and has now developed acute renal failure. The nurse should base the response on the knowledge that there was:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Decreased renal blood flow from shock post-myocardial infarction reduces kidney perfusion, leading to acute renal failure.

Question 2 of 5

What is a key nursing intervention for a client receiving peritoneal dialysis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis, requiring vigilant monitoring.

Question 3 of 5

A 57-year-old with diabetes insipidus is hospitalized for care. Which finding should the nurse report to the physician?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus causes excessive dilute urine output. A urine specific gravity of 1.001 (very dilute) indicates worsening of the condition and should be reported. The other findings are within normal or expected ranges.

Question 4 of 5

A client with thyrotoxicosis says to the nurse, 'I am so irritable. I am having problems at work because I lose my temper very easily.' Which of the following responses by the nurse would give the client the most accurate explanation of her behavior?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thyrotoxicosis, due to excess thyroid hormone, increases metabolism and can affect the nervous system, leading to irritability and emotional lability. This explains the client's behavior as a direct result of the disease's impact on thyroid function.

Question 5 of 5

Peripheral blood flow is dependent on which of the following variables?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Peripheral blood flow depends on pressure differences between the arterial and venous systems (driving force) and vascular resistance (opposing force). This relationship is governed by Poiseuille's law and Ohm's law for fluid flow, where flow is proportional to the pressure gradient and inversely proportional to resistance. The other options are incomplete or incorrect combinations of factors.

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