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Med Surg RN NCLEX Questions Questions

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Question 1 of 5

A 68-year-old male has been receiving monthly doses of chemotherapy for treatment of stage III colon cancer. He comes to the clinic for his fourth monthly dose. Which laboratory result(s) should be reported to the oncologist before the next dose of chemotherapy is administered? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: B,D,E

Rationale: Low platelet count (
B), low white blood cell count (
D), and fever (E) indicate thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and possible infection, respectively, which are contraindications for chemotherapy due to increased risk of bleeding and infection.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse is monitoring a client who received ketamine for anesthesia induction. Which side effect should the nurse prioritize?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ketamine can cause vivid dreams or hallucinations, which may distress the client during recovery. Monitoring and reassuring the client are critical to manage this psychological side effect.

Question 3 of 5

Prevention of skin breakdown and maintenance of skin integrity among older clients is important because they are at greater risk secondary to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Older adults have reduced pressure sensation due to thinner skin and nerve changes, increasing the risk of skin breakdown and pressure ulcers.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following explains the influence of aging on the development of peripheral vascular disease?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aging increases vascular resistance due to arterial stiffening and reduced elasticity from collagen buildup and atherosclerosis. This elevates blood pressure and impairs peripheral blood flow, contributing to PVD. Resistance does not decrease, and viscosity changes are less significant in aging-related PVD.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following guidelines reflects the current American Cancer Society recommendations for screening for colon cancer in individuals who are not at high risk?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Annual fecal testing for occult blood should begin at age 50. Annual digital rectal examinations are recommended in men beginning at age 50 to screen for prostate cancer. Baseline barium enemas or colonoscopies are recommended at age 50. Baseline barium enemas and colonoscopies are not performed on individuals in their 40s unless they recommend the nurse to the need for such diagnostic testing, or are considered to be at high risk. CN: Health promotion and maintenance; CL: Apply

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