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Question 1 of 5

In client teaching, the nurse should emphasize that fetal damage occurs more frequently with ingestion of drugs during:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first trimester is the period of organogenesis, when the fetus is most susceptible to teratogenic effects of drugs.

Question 2 of 5

Which of the following is the best indicator of the diagnosis of HIV?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Western blot is the confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis, detecting specific antibodies with high specificity. ELISA is a screening test, while WBC and CBC are non-specific and not diagnostic for HIV.

Question 3 of 5

A 10-year-old has been diagnosed with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The clinical findings were proteinuria, moderately elevated blood pressure, and periorbital edema. Which dietary plan is most appropriate for this client?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A high-protein diet is usually indicated because protein is excreted in urine. Protein restriction is usually prescribed with severe azotemia. The kidneys usually enlarge in these children, and sodium and water are retained. Fluid restriction may be ordered to help reduce edema; however, monitoring for dehydration is indicated. A high-cholesterol diet would not be indicated for any child, especially one with elevated blood pressure.

Question 4 of 5

At her monthly prenatal visit, a client reports experiencing heartburn. Which nursing measure should be included in her plan of care to help alleviate it?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: At least eight glasses of fluid per day are encouraged to help dilute stomach contents, thereby decreasing irritation. Alka Seltzer contains aspirin, which is irritating to gastric mucosa, and therefore should be avoided. Small, frequent bland meals help to decrease gastric pressure and to prevent reflux. Lying down after meals may cause gastric reflux and prevents optimal gastric emptying.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is teaching a client in preparation for a colonoscopy. Which would be involved in the teaching session?

Question Image

Correct Answer: A, C, E

Rationale: Colonoscopy prep includes a liquid diet (
A), laxative bowel prep (
C), and NPO 8 hours prior (E). Sedation is standard (
B), and enemas (
D) are not routine on admission.

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