When should a glucagon emergency kit be used for a client with Type 1 diabetes?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A glucagon emergency kit is used when signs of severe hypoglycemia occur in a client with Type 1 diabetes. Glucagon helps to raise blood glucose levels in cases of severe hypoglycemia where the individual is unable to take oral glucose. It is crucial to administer glucagon promptly to prevent serious complications associated with low blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Withhold the dose until regular insulin is available. The rationale behind this answer is that regular insulin and isophane insulin are two different types of insulin with distinct onset and peak action times. Regular insulin has a faster onset and shorter duration of action compared to isophane insulin, which has a slower onset and longer duration of action. Administering isophane insulin instead of regular insulin could lead to inappropriate blood glucose control due to the mismatch in timing of insulin action. Therefore, it is crucial to wait until the correct type of insulin (regular insulin) is available to ensure safe and effective management of the client's blood glucose levels. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Withdrawing ten units of regular insulin from the 70/30 vial is incorrect because 70/30 insulin is a premixed insulin containing both regular and isophane insulin. This would not provide the client with the required dose of regular insulin alone. C) Obtaining a new vial of regular insulin and withholding is incorrect as it delays the administration of insulin without addressing the immediate need for the correct type of insulin. D) Pulling up 30 units from the 70/30 vial but only administering 10 units is incorrect as it still involves administering a mixture of regular and isophane insulin, which is not the appropriate treatment in this case. This question highlights the importance of understanding the differences between various types of insulin and the significance of administering the correct type at the right time to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and patient safety in pharmacological practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Scopolamine is not a pain medication; it is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting, particularly in surgical settings. It works on the central nervous system to help control these symptoms, not to relieve pain. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to explain to the client that the medication is not intended to relieve pain but rather to manage other specific symptoms. Checking the correct placement of the patch is also important to ensure proper administration, but addressing the misconception about the medication's purpose is the priority in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) The benztropine is used to control the side effects of olanzapine. This is the most appropriate information for the practical nurse to reinforce because benztropine is commonly used to manage the extrapyramidal side effects (such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and restlessness) associated with antipsychotic medications like olanzapine. Option A is incorrect because benztropine does not specifically target olanzapine's side effect of urinary retention. Option B is incorrect as benztropine does not potentiate the effect of olanzapine; rather, it helps mitigate its side effects. Option D is also incorrect because while the combination of benztropine and olanzapine may help in managing psychotic behaviors indirectly by addressing side effects, benztropine itself does not directly modify psychotic behavior. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the rationale behind combination therapy and the specific roles of each medication to provide safe and effective care to patients. Reinforcing the purpose of benztropine in managing olanzapine's side effects helps ensure optimal patient outcomes and medication adherence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The practical nurse (PN) should instruct the client to complete the full course of the antibiotic to ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Completing the full course of antibiotics helps to eradicate the infection completely and reduces the risk of bacteria developing resistance to the medication.