When should a client receiving insulin lispro administer this medication?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the timing of medication administration is crucial to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes. For clients receiving insulin lispro, which is a rapid-acting insulin, administering the medication before meals is the correct timing. This is because insulin lispro is designed to mimic the body's natural insulin response to food intake, thereby helping to control postprandial blood glucose levels effectively. Administering insulin lispro before meals ensures that the medication is active when the client's blood sugar begins to rise after eating, thus helping to prevent hyperglycemia. Administering it after meals or at bedtime would not align with the physiological insulin response to food ingestion and could lead to inadequate control of blood glucose levels. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers, especially nurses and pharmacists, to understand the pharmacokinetics of different insulin formulations to provide safe and effective care to clients with diabetes. Teaching clients about the timing of insulin administration is also crucial to empower them to manage their condition effectively and prevent complications associated with poorly controlled blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Levothyroxine is a medication used to treat hypothyroidism by supplementing the body with thyroid hormone. If the dosage of levothyroxine is too high, it can cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including weight loss. Therefore, weight gain can be a potential side effect of levothyroxine if the dosage is excessive.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, the correct answer to the question is B) This medication may take several weeks to take effect. This is the correct instruction to include in the client's teaching plan because buspirone is a medication commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, but it does not provide immediate relief. It typically takes a few weeks of consistent use for the full therapeutic effects to be experienced by the client. Option A) This medication may cause drowsiness; avoid driving is incorrect as buspirone is not known to cause significant drowsiness compared to other medications used to treat anxiety disorders. Option C) This medication can be taken on an as-needed basis is incorrect because buspirone is typically prescribed for regular, daily use to maintain consistent levels of the medication in the body for optimal effectiveness. Option D) This medication should be taken with food is incorrect as buspirone can be taken with or without food, as food does not significantly impact its absorption or effectiveness. Educationally, it is important for nurses and clients to understand the specific instructions for each medication to ensure optimal treatment outcomes and to prevent potential adverse effects. Understanding the expected onset of action of a medication like buspirone is crucial for managing client expectations and promoting adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can lead to an excess of potassium in the body, resulting in hyperkalemia. This side effect is important to monitor in clients taking spironolactone, especially those with chronic heart failure, as hyperkalemia can lead to serious cardiac complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dry cough. Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, can lead to a dry cough as a potential side effect. This occurs due to the drug's effect on the bradykinin pathway in the lungs. Monitoring for a dry cough is essential as it may indicate the need for further evaluation or medication adjustment to manage this adverse reaction.