HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is an early sign of congestive heart failure that the nurse should recognize?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tachypnea, which refers to rapid breathing, is an early sign of congestive heart failure. In heart failure, the heart's inability to pump efficiently can lead to fluid accumulation in the lungs, causing the child to breathe faster to try to compensate for the decreased oxygen exchange. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not typically associated with congestive heart failure; instead, it may indicate a different issue. Inability to sweat is not a common early sign of congestive heart failure. Increased urinary output is not a typical early sign of congestive heart failure; instead, it may be a sign of other conditions like diabetes or kidney issues.
Question 2 of 5
The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What should the nurse explain about exercise in type 1 diabetes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, extra snacks are needed before exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. It is important to provide additional carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels during physical activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Exercise typically lowers blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes; however, proper management and adjustments in insulin and food intake are necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. Exercise should not be restricted in individuals with type 1 diabetes but should be planned in coordination with healthcare providers to ensure safety and optimal glucose control. While some individuals may need adjustments in insulin dosages during exercise, the general statement that extra insulin is required during exercise in type 1 diabetes is not accurate.
Question 3 of 5
After surgery to correct hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in a 3-week-old infant who had been formula-fed, which postoperative feeding order is appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following surgery for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in infants, it is appropriate to resume regular formula feeding within 24 hours postoperatively to support recovery. This helps maintain adequate nutrition and hydration for the infant. Choice A is incorrect because thickened formula may not be necessary and could potentially cause issues postoperatively. Choice B is incorrect as withholding feedings for the first 24 hours can lead to nutritional deficiencies and delay recovery. Choice D is inappropriate as additional glucose feedings are not typically indicated postoperatively for infants with HPS and may not provide the necessary nutrition needed for recovery.
Question 4 of 5
A healthcare professional plans to discuss childhood nutrition with a group of parents whose children have Down syndrome in an attempt to minimize a common nutritional problem. What problem should be addressed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obesity. Children with Down syndrome are at a higher risk of obesity due to various factors such as lower metabolic rate, hormonal imbalances, and reduced physical activity levels. Addressing healthy eating habits early can help prevent obesity in these children. Choice A (Rickets) is incorrect because rickets is primarily associated with vitamin D deficiency and is not a common nutritional problem in children with Down syndrome. Choice C (Anemia) is incorrect as anemia may not be a common nutritional problem specific to children with Down syndrome. Choice D (Rumination) is incorrect as rumination is a behavioral disorder characterized by repeated regurgitation of food and is not a common nutritional problem associated with Down syndrome.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. As part of the plan of care, the nurse focuses on maintaining his cardiopulmonary function. Which intervention would the nurse implement to best promote maximum chest expansion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Upright positioning is the most appropriate intervention to promote maximum chest expansion in a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. By keeping the child in an upright position, lung expansion is maximized, which improves breathing efficiency. Deep-breathing exercises may help with overall lung function but do not directly promote chest expansion. Coughing and chest percussion are more related to airway clearance and do not specifically address maximizing chest expansion.