The nurse is teaching a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about dietary modifications. Which food should the client avoid?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coffee. Coffee should be avoided by clients with GERD as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to an increase in GERD symptoms. Choices A, B, and D are not directly associated with worsening GERD symptoms and can be included in moderation in the diet of a client with GERD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Processed cheese. The rationale behind this is that processed cheese is typically high in sodium content, which contradicts the low-sodium diet prescribed for a client with hypertension. Consuming processed cheese can lead to an increase in blood pressure due to its high sodium levels. Fresh fruits, whole grain bread, and fresh vegetables are generally considered healthy choices for individuals with hypertension. These options are typically low in sodium and are rich in nutrients beneficial for overall health. They provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber without contributing significantly to sodium intake. In an educational context, understanding the impact of dietary choices on health conditions like hypertension is crucial for nursing students. This question assesses the student's knowledge of dietary recommendations for managing hypertension. It reinforces the importance of adhering to dietary restrictions to optimize patient outcomes and prevent complications associated with the condition. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about dietary modifications to manage chronic conditions effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 pounds in 24 hours.' Daily weight monitoring is crucial for detecting fluid retention early in clients with heart failure. Reporting a gain of 2 pounds in 24 hours can indicate fluid overload, prompting timely intervention. Choice B is incorrect because increasing fluid intake can exacerbate fluid overload in clients with heart failure. Choice C is incorrect as a high-sodium diet can worsen fluid retention. Choice D is incorrect as vigorous exercise can strain the heart and worsen heart failure symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gingival hyperplasia. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of gum tissue. This side effect is important to report to the healthcare provider because it can lead to oral health problems. Choice A, drowsiness, is a common side effect of many antiepileptic drugs but is not specific to phenytoin. Choice C, weight gain, is not a typical side effect of phenytoin. Choice D, blurred vision, is not a common side effect of phenytoin; it is more commonly associated with other medications.