HESI LPN
HESI Test Bank Medical Surgical Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with myasthenia gravis. Which symptom is most important for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a client with myasthenia gravis, difficulty swallowing is the most crucial symptom to report to the healthcare provider. This is because it can lead to aspiration, a severe complication in these clients. Diplopia (double vision) and weakness in the legs are common symptoms of myasthenia gravis but are not as immediately dangerous as difficulty swallowing. Fatigue is also a common symptom in myasthenia gravis but does not pose the same risk of aspiration as difficulty swallowing.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about dietary modifications. Which food should the client avoid?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coffee. Coffee should be avoided by clients with GERD as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to an increase in GERD symptoms. Choices A, B, and D are not directly associated with worsening GERD symptoms and can be included in moderation in the diet of a client with GERD.
Question 3 of 5
A client with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed sucralfate. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Covers the ulcer site and protects it from acid. Sucralfate works by forming a protective barrier over ulcers, shielding them from stomach acid and promoting healing. Choice A, neutralizing stomach acid, is incorrect as sucralfate does not neutralize acid but acts as a physical barrier. Choice B, decreasing gastric acid secretion, is not the mechanism of action of sucralfate. Choice D, improving gastric motility, is unrelated to sucralfate's action on peptic ulcers.
Question 4 of 5
A client with hypertension is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food should the client avoid?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Processed cheese. The rationale behind this is that processed cheese is typically high in sodium content, which contradicts the low-sodium diet prescribed for a client with hypertension. Consuming processed cheese can lead to an increase in blood pressure due to its high sodium levels. Fresh fruits, whole grain bread, and fresh vegetables are generally considered healthy choices for individuals with hypertension. These options are typically low in sodium and are rich in nutrients beneficial for overall health. They provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber without contributing significantly to sodium intake. In an educational context, understanding the impact of dietary choices on health conditions like hypertension is crucial for nursing students. This question assesses the student's knowledge of dietary recommendations for managing hypertension. It reinforces the importance of adhering to dietary restrictions to optimize patient outcomes and prevent complications associated with the condition. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about dietary modifications to manage chronic conditions effectively.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with heart failure. Which instruction should be included to prevent fluid overload?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 pounds in 24 hours.' Daily weight monitoring is crucial for detecting fluid retention early in clients with heart failure. Reporting a gain of 2 pounds in 24 hours can indicate fluid overload, prompting timely intervention. Choice B is incorrect because increasing fluid intake can exacerbate fluid overload in clients with heart failure. Choice C is incorrect as a high-sodium diet can worsen fluid retention. Choice D is incorrect as vigorous exercise can strain the heart and worsen heart failure symptoms.