HESI LPN
Pediatrics HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 9
The healthcare professional is developing a teaching plan for a child who is to have their cast removed. What instruction would the professional most likely include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Soaking the area in warm water is the most appropriate instruction for a child who is having their cast removed. This method helps to gently remove dead skin without causing irritation. Applying petroleum jelly to dry skin (Choice A) is not recommended as it may not effectively aid in the removal of dead skin. Rubbing the skin vigorously (Choice B) can lead to skin irritation and should be avoided. Washing the skin with diluted peroxide and water (Choice D) may be too harsh, causing unnecessary irritation to the skin post-cast removal.
Question 2 of 9
A child with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis is admitted to the hospital. What is the most important nursing intervention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most important nursing intervention for a child with bronchiolitis is providing respiratory therapy. This intervention helps to maintain airway patency and improve breathing, which are crucial in managing bronchiolitis. Administering bronchodilators (Choice A) may be a part of the treatment plan but is not the most important intervention. Monitoring oxygen saturation (Choice C) is important but falls secondary to providing direct respiratory support. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice D) is also essential but does not address the immediate respiratory needs of the child with bronchiolitis.
Question 3 of 9
A healthcare provider is assessing a 2-year-old child with suspected Down syndrome. What characteristic physical feature is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epicanthal folds are a common physical feature seen in individuals with Down syndrome. These are folds of skin that cover the inner corners of the eyes. Webbed neck (Choice B) is associated with Turner syndrome, not Down syndrome. Enlarged head (Choice C) is not a typical physical characteristic of Down syndrome. Polydactyly (Choice D) is the presence of extra fingers or toes, which is not specifically related to Down syndrome.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse volunteering at a homeless shelter to assist families with children identifies homelessness as a risk preventing families from achieving positive outcomes in life. What family theory encompasses this approach to assessing family dynamics?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation focuses on identifying the elements of risks and protective factors that help families achieve positive outcomes. In this scenario, the nurse recognizing homelessness as a risk aligns with the resiliency model, which emphasizes how families cope and adapt in the face of stressors. Duvall's theory primarily focuses on family life cycle stages, Friedman's theory emphasizes the roles and functions within a family structure, and Von Bertalanffy's theory looks at families as complex systems rather than specifically addressing resilience in the face of stressors.
Question 5 of 9
.A nurse is caring for an infant whose vomiting is intractable. For what complication is it most important for the nurse to assess?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intractable vomiting can lead to alkalosis due to loss of stomach acids.
Question 6 of 9
What should an adolescent with type 1 diabetes do if an insulin reaction is experienced while at a basketball game?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choosing option B, 'Buy a soda and hamburger to eat,' is the most appropriate action for an adolescent with type 1 diabetes experiencing an insulin reaction during a basketball game. In this situation, the individual is likely experiencing hypoglycemia, and consuming a soda provides a quick source of sugar to raise blood glucose levels rapidly. The hamburger can offer a more sustained release of energy due to its protein and fat content. Option A is incorrect because while contacting parents for help may be necessary in some situations, immediate action to address hypoglycemia is crucial. Option C is incorrect because administering insulin would further lower blood sugar levels, worsening the condition. Option D is incorrect as leaving the arena without addressing the hypoglycemia can lead to a worsening of symptoms and potentially dangerous outcomes.
Question 7 of 9
While assessing an 18-month-old child, a nurse observes that the toddler can crawl upstairs but needs assistance when climbing the stairs upright. What does this action indicate to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Needing assistance to climb stairs is considered expected behavior for an 18-month-old toddler. At this age, children are still developing their gross motor skills, coordination, and balance, which can vary in proficiency. It is common for toddlers to be able to crawl upstairs before mastering the skill of climbing stairs upright. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because at 18 months, it is normal for children to require help and practice with climbing stairs and does not necessarily point to any specific medical conditions or developmental issues.
Question 8 of 9
While assessing an 18-month-old child, a nurse observes that the toddler can crawl upstairs but needs assistance when climbing the stairs upright. What does this action indicate to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 18 months of age, needing assistance to climb stairs upright is considered normal behavior for a toddler. Crawling upstairs is a different motor skill and does not necessarily correlate with the ability to climb stairs. The child is still developing gross motor skills, and climbing stairs upright typically requires more coordination and strength, which may not be fully developed at this age. Choices A, B, and D are not relevant in this scenario as the observed behavior is within the expected range of development for an 18-month-old child.
Question 9 of 9
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a suspected fracture. What is the priority nursing action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing action when a child with a suspected fracture is brought to the emergency department is to immobilize the affected limb. Immobilization helps prevent further injury until a fracture is confirmed or ruled out. Applying ice or elevating the limb can wait until after immobilization has been achieved. Checking the child's neurovascular status is important but is not the priority action in this situation.