In a capillary glucose measurement, a client is to receive 10 units of regular insulin and isophane insulin. How should the nurse prepare?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Withhold the dose until regular insulin is available. The rationale behind this answer is that regular insulin and isophane insulin are two different types of insulin with distinct onset and peak action times. Regular insulin has a faster onset and shorter duration of action compared to isophane insulin, which has a slower onset and longer duration of action. Administering isophane insulin instead of regular insulin could lead to inappropriate blood glucose control due to the mismatch in timing of insulin action. Therefore, it is crucial to wait until the correct type of insulin (regular insulin) is available to ensure safe and effective management of the client's blood glucose levels. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Withdrawing ten units of regular insulin from the 70/30 vial is incorrect because 70/30 insulin is a premixed insulin containing both regular and isophane insulin. This would not provide the client with the required dose of regular insulin alone. C) Obtaining a new vial of regular insulin and withholding is incorrect as it delays the administration of insulin without addressing the immediate need for the correct type of insulin. D) Pulling up 30 units from the 70/30 vial but only administering 10 units is incorrect as it still involves administering a mixture of regular and isophane insulin, which is not the appropriate treatment in this case. This question highlights the importance of understanding the differences between various types of insulin and the significance of administering the correct type at the right time to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and patient safety in pharmacological practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) The benztropine is used to control the side effects of olanzapine. This is the most appropriate information for the practical nurse to reinforce because benztropine is commonly used to manage the extrapyramidal side effects (such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and restlessness) associated with antipsychotic medications like olanzapine. Option A is incorrect because benztropine does not specifically target olanzapine's side effect of urinary retention. Option B is incorrect as benztropine does not potentiate the effect of olanzapine; rather, it helps mitigate its side effects. Option D is also incorrect because while the combination of benztropine and olanzapine may help in managing psychotic behaviors indirectly by addressing side effects, benztropine itself does not directly modify psychotic behavior. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the rationale behind combination therapy and the specific roles of each medication to provide safe and effective care to patients. Reinforcing the purpose of benztropine in managing olanzapine's side effects helps ensure optimal patient outcomes and medication adherence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The practical nurse (PN) should instruct the client to complete the full course of the antibiotic to ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Completing the full course of antibiotics helps to eradicate the infection completely and reduces the risk of bacteria developing resistance to the medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, assessing the effectiveness of a drug is crucial for monitoring patient outcomes. In this scenario, option D - "I do not notice as many irregular heartbeats as before I started taking this medication" - best indicates that the drug amiodarone has been effective. This statement directly correlates with the drug's intended therapeutic effect, which is to regulate and stabilize irregular heartbeats. Option A, referring to reduced angina spells, is more indicative of drugs used to treat angina, not necessarily amiodarone, which is primarily used for arrhythmias. Option B, addressing ankle swelling, is unrelated to amiodarone's therapeutic effects. Option C, mentioning cholesterol levels, does not directly relate to the drug's intended purpose of treating irregular heartbeats. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding drug actions and intended therapeutic effects when assessing medication effectiveness in clinical practice. It emphasizes the need for precise patient monitoring and interpretation of patient responses to pharmacological interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most important nursing intervention before administering ampicillin to a client with a urinary tract infection is to obtain a clean-catch urine specimen. This specimen is crucial for determining the causative organism and evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. It should be collected before starting treatment with an anti-infective agent to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the infection.