HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. What clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Projectile vomiting is the hallmark clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis in infants. In pyloric stenosis, the muscle surrounding the opening between the stomach and the small intestine thickens, leading to obstruction. This obstruction causes forceful, projectile vomiting, which is typically non-bilious (does not contain bile) and occurs after feedings. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal distension are not typical symptoms of pyloric stenosis.
Question 2 of 5
The parents of a child with asthma ask the nurse how they can help their child prevent asthma attacks. What should the nurse advise?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parents to avoid exposure to allergens. Asthma attacks are often triggered by allergens such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and mold. By minimizing the child's exposure to these triggers, the likelihood of asthma attacks can be reduced. Encouraging regular exercise is beneficial for overall health but may not directly prevent asthma attacks. Providing a high-protein diet and increasing fluid intake are important for general well-being but do not specifically address asthma prevention.
Question 3 of 5
A child is being assessed by a nurse for suspected nephrotic syndrome. What clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Edema is a hallmark clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. In nephrotic syndrome, there is increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to protein loss in the urine (proteinuria). The decrease in serum protein levels results in a reduced oncotic pressure, leading to fluid shifting from the intravascular space into the interstitial spaces, causing edema. Jaundice (choice A) is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Hypertension (choice C) is more commonly seen in conditions like nephritic syndrome. Polyuria (choice D) is excessive urination and is not a prominent feature of nephrotic syndrome.
Question 4 of 5
A child with a diagnosis of celiac disease is admitted to the hospital. What dietary restriction should the nurse teach the parents?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid gluten.' Children with celiac disease must follow a gluten-free diet to prevent symptoms and intestinal damage. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, which triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while some individuals with celiac disease may also have lactose intolerance or may need to manage fat or sugar intake for overall health, the primary dietary restriction for celiac disease is avoiding gluten to maintain gastrointestinal health.
Question 5 of 5
.A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Recognize signs of hypoglycemia. This is crucial in the discharge teaching for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus because hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can occur when too much insulin is administered or when the child skips meals. Recognizing the signs of hypoglycemia is essential for prompt intervention to prevent serious consequences like seizures or loss of consciousness. Option A) Monitor blood glucose levels once a day is incorrect as children with type 1 diabetes typically need to monitor their blood glucose levels multiple times a day to ensure they are within the target range. Option B) Follow a strict meal plan is also incorrect as meal planning is important, but not the most critical aspect for immediate post-hospital discharge teaching. It is important to individualize meal plans based on the child's specific needs and preferences. Option C) Administer insulin only when blood glucose is high is incorrect as children with type 1 diabetes need to adhere to a prescribed insulin regimen that includes both long-acting and short-acting insulin doses to maintain blood glucose levels within the target range. In an educational context, teaching parents and caregivers how to recognize and respond to hypoglycemia is a fundamental aspect of managing type 1 diabetes in children. By understanding the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, caregivers can take appropriate action to prevent complications and ensure the child's safety and well-being.