HESI LPN
HESI Pharmacology Exam Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. What instruction should the practical nurse (PN) include in the client's teaching plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed metformin is to take the medication with a full glass of water. This helps ensure proper ingestion and absorption of the medication. While taking metformin with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects, the primary focus should be on adequate hydration and absorption by taking it with water.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should monitor for which sign of potential bleeding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Bruising. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver. This can lead to an increased risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin. Bruising is a common early sign of potential bleeding in patients on anticoagulant therapy like warfarin. Option A) Elevated blood pressure is not directly related to the potential bleeding risk associated with warfarin. Option C) Shortness of breath is more commonly associated with respiratory or cardiac issues rather than bleeding due to warfarin. Option D) Nausea and vomiting are not specific signs of bleeding related to warfarin therapy. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to be aware of the potential side effects and risks associated with anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin, to ensure patient safety and provide appropriate monitoring and care. Understanding the signs and symptoms of bleeding helps nurses to promptly identify and address any complications that may arise in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.
Question 3 of 5
A client with asthma is prescribed montelukast. The nurse should instruct the client that this medication is used for which purpose?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for the long-term control of asthma symptoms by reducing inflammation in the airways. It is not typically used for immediate relief during acute asthma attacks, where short-acting bronchodilators are more appropriate. Montelukast does not specifically target exercise-induced bronchospasm or allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A client is prescribed cyclobenzaprine for muscle spasms. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which substance while taking this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alcohol. When taking cyclobenzaprine, it is important to avoid alcohol as it can potentiate the central nervous system depressant effects of the medication. This interaction can lead to increased drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Therefore, it is essential for the client to refrain from alcohol consumption while on cyclobenzaprine to prevent these adverse effects and ensure their safety.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a history of stroke is prescribed clopidogrel. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that works to prevent blood clots, but it can also increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of bleeding, such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, blood in urine or stool, or unusual bleeding from the gums. Prompt identification and management of bleeding are crucial to prevent complications.