A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed hydroxychloroquine. What instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Report any signs of vision changes to the healthcare provider. This instruction is crucial because hydroxychloroquine, commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis, can have potential ocular side effects, such as retinopathy. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations are necessary to monitor for these changes and prevent permanent vision damage. Option A (Avoid sunlight exposure while taking this medication) is incorrect for hydroxychloroquine. While photosensitivity can occur with some medications, it is not a significant concern with this drug. Option B (Take this medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset) is not directly related to hydroxychloroquine's specific side effects or administration requirements. It is a general instruction for some medications but not for hydroxychloroquine. Option C (Report any signs of infection to the healthcare provider) is important in general, but it is not directly related to hydroxychloroquine specifically. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at an increased risk of infections due to their condition and immunosuppressive medications, but this is not a direct effect of hydroxychloroquine. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of medication-specific teaching points for patients. It underscores the need for nurses to provide detailed and accurate information to ensure patient safety and adherence to treatment plans. Understanding the rationale behind each answer option enhances a nurse's ability to educate patients effectively and promote optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Dapagliflozin, a medication used in diabetes mellitus type 2, is associated with an increased risk of genital infections. This risk is due to its mechanism of action that involves promoting the excretion of glucose through the urine, creating a favorable environment for microbial growth in the genital area. Therefore, monitoring for genital infections is essential when a client is prescribed dapagliflozin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Exenatide, a medication commonly used in type 2 diabetes, is known to cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea. Monitoring for nausea is essential as it can lead to decreased appetite and potential weight loss, affecting the nutritional status of the client. While hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are important to monitor in diabetes management, they are not typically associated with exenatide use. Pancreatitis is a rare but serious adverse effect of exenatide, which requires immediate medical attention if suspected.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased risk of bleeding. Edoxaban is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting clot formation, thereby increasing the risk of bleeding. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the client for signs of bleeding, such as bruising, petechiae, hematuria, or gastrointestinal bleeding, to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client is prescribed atenolol, a beta-blocker medication used to treat hypertension, the nurse should monitor for bradycardia as a potential side effect. Atenolol works by slowing the heart rate, and one common adverse effect is bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate. Monitoring the client's heart rate is essential to detect and manage this potential side effect promptly.