A client with hypertension is prescribed metoprolol. The healthcare provider should monitor the client for which potential side effect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Bradycardia. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker medication commonly used to treat hypertension. The main mechanism of action of beta-blockers like metoprolol is to reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart. As a result, one of the potential side effects of metoprolol is bradycardia, or a slow heart rate. Option B) Tachycardia is incorrect because metoprolol actually works to decrease heart rate, so tachycardia would not be an expected side effect. Option C) Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with metoprolol use. In fact, beta-blockers can sometimes mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients, but they do not usually cause hyperglycemia. Option D) Hyponatremia is also not a common side effect of metoprolol. Hyponatremia is more commonly associated with diuretic medications that can cause electrolyte imbalances. In an educational context, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial for healthcare providers to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the potential side effects of a medication like metoprolol, healthcare providers can monitor patients appropriately and intervene if necessary to prevent any adverse outcomes. This knowledge helps ensure patient safety and optimal treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tofacitinib is an immunosuppressive medication used in rheumatoid arthritis. Patients taking tofacitinib should avoid live vaccines because the medication can weaken the immune system, making live vaccines potentially harmful. It is essential to educate the client on this to prevent any complications related to live vaccines during their treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client is prescribed risperidone, it is essential to monitor for potential side effects. Weight gain is a common side effect of risperidone, so the nurse should closely monitor the client's weight throughout the treatment. This monitoring helps in early detection of weight changes and allows for timely interventions to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client is prescribed linagliptin, it is crucial to educate them to report any signs of pancreatitis to their healthcare provider. Linagliptin can lead to pancreatitis, making it essential for clients to be vigilant for symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Timely reporting of these symptoms can aid in early intervention and management of pancreatitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Renal failure. In patients with renal failure, antacids containing magnesium and calcium should be used with caution due to the risk of electrolyte imbalances. Both magnesium and calcium are excreted by the kidneys, and in renal failure, there is a decreased ability to excrete these minerals, leading to potential accumulation and toxicity. This can further worsen the renal function and lead to serious complications. Option A) Hypertension is not directly contraindicated with antacids containing magnesium and calcium. While monitoring blood pressure is important, hypertension alone does not specifically warrant caution with these antacids. Option C) Heart failure is also not directly related to the use of antacids containing magnesium and calcium. Heart failure management may involve careful monitoring of electrolytes, but it is not a direct contraindication for these antacids. Option D) Peptic ulcer disease would actually benefit from the use of antacids containing magnesium and calcium as they help neutralize gastric acid and provide relief from symptoms associated with peptic ulcers. Educationally, understanding the importance of considering renal function when administering medications is crucial for safe nursing practice. Renal function directly impacts drug excretion and metabolism, highlighting the need for individualized care and monitoring in patients with renal impairment.