HESI LPN
HESI Test Bank Medical Surgical Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with hypertension is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food should the client avoid?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Processed cheese. The rationale behind this is that processed cheese is typically high in sodium content, which contradicts the low-sodium diet prescribed for a client with hypertension. Consuming processed cheese can lead to an increase in blood pressure due to its high sodium levels. Fresh fruits, whole grain bread, and fresh vegetables are generally considered healthy choices for individuals with hypertension. These options are typically low in sodium and are rich in nutrients beneficial for overall health. They provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber without contributing significantly to sodium intake. In an educational context, understanding the impact of dietary choices on health conditions like hypertension is crucial for nursing students. This question assesses the student's knowledge of dietary recommendations for managing hypertension. It reinforces the importance of adhering to dietary restrictions to optimize patient outcomes and prevent complications associated with the condition. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about dietary modifications to manage chronic conditions effectively.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of seizures is prescribed phenytoin. Which side effect should the nurse instruct the client to report?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gingival hyperplasia. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of gum tissue. This side effect is important to report to the healthcare provider because it can lead to oral health problems. Choice A, drowsiness, is a common side effect of many antiepileptic drugs but is not specific to phenytoin. Choice C, weight gain, is not a typical side effect of phenytoin. Choice D, blurred vision, is not a common side effect of phenytoin; it is more commonly associated with other medications.
Question 3 of 5
What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client diagnosed with GERD?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Minimize symptoms by wearing loose, comfortable clothing.' Wearing loose, comfortable clothing can help reduce pressure on the abdomen, which can alleviate GERD symptoms. Option A is incorrect as sleeping without using pillows is not a recommended practice for managing GERD. Option B is incorrect because it suggests adjusting food intake to five small meals throughout the day instead of three full meals with no snacks, which may not be suitable for everyone with GERD. Option D is incorrect as avoiding participation in any aerobic exercise program is not a standard recommendation for managing GERD; in fact, engaging in low-impact exercises like walking or swimming can be beneficial.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client with glomerulonephritis about self-care. Which dietary recommendations should the nurse encourage the client to follow?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Restrict protein intake by limiting meats and other high-protein foods. In glomerulonephritis, reducing protein intake helps to lower the workload on the kidneys, as excessive protein can lead to increased production of waste products that the kidneys must filter. This restriction can help prevent further damage to the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because: A) Increasing high-fiber foods like bran cereal is beneficial for other conditions but not specific to glomerulonephritis. C) Limiting oral fluid intake to 500ml per day is not appropriate as fluid restrictions are usually individualized based on the client's condition and kidney function. D) Increasing potassium-rich foods like bananas and cantaloupe may not be suitable for all clients with glomerulonephritis, as potassium levels can be affected in kidney disease and individual needs may vary.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is completing the preoperative assessment of a client who is scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Which finding warrants notification of the HCP prior to proceeding with the scheduled procedure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A blood pressure reading of 184/88 mm Hg indicates hypertension, which can increase the risks associated with surgery. The healthcare provider should be notified to manage the blood pressure before proceeding with the scheduled procedure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A, light yellow coloring of the client's skin and eyes may indicate jaundice, but it is not an immediate concern for the scheduled procedure; C, vomiting clear yellowish fluid may suggest bile reflux, but it does not pose an immediate risk to the procedure; D, red, swollen, and leaking IV insertion site indicates a local complication that requires intervention but does not have a direct impact on proceeding with the scheduled surgery.