A client with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed pioglitazone. What instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to report any signs of heart failure when taking pioglitazone. Pioglitazone is known to potentially exacerbate heart failure, so it is crucial for clients to monitor and report any symptoms of heart failure promptly to their healthcare provider for appropriate management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct potential side effect of citalopram is nausea. Citalopram can cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, so clients should be advised to take the medication with food if nausea occurs to help minimize this side effect. While other side effects like drowsiness, insomnia, and headache may also occur with citalopram, nausea is a common side effect that clients should be informed about.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Bradycardia. Sotalol is a beta-blocker antiarrhythmic medication commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation. Beta-blockers like sotalol work by slowing down the heart rate and reducing the force of contractions. Therefore, a potential side effect of sotalol is bradycardia, which is characterized by a slower than normal heart rate. Option B) Tachycardia is incorrect because sotalol's mechanism of action actually aims to decrease the heart rate, making tachycardia less likely. Option C) Headache is a common side effect of many medications but is not specifically associated with sotalol use. Option D) Hyperglycemia is not a common side effect of sotalol. Beta-blockers can sometimes mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) but do not typically cause hyperglycemia. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Monitoring for potential side effects allows for early detection and intervention, minimizing any harm to the patient. In the case of sotalol, being aware of the risk of bradycardia helps nurses to monitor and manage the patient's response to the medication appropriately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Report any signs of pancreatitis to the healthcare provider. Alogliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor commonly used in the management of type 2 diabetes. One of the rare but serious side effects of DPP-4 inhibitors is pancreatitis. As such, it is crucial for the client to be vigilant for any signs or symptoms of pancreatitis, such as severe abdominal pain, and report them to the healthcare provider promptly. Option B) Take this medication with meals is incorrect because alogliptin can be taken with or without food, so it is not necessary to take it specifically with meals. Option C) Avoid alcohol while taking this medication is incorrect as there is no specific interaction between alogliptin and alcohol. However, it is always advisable for individuals with diabetes to consume alcohol in moderation. Option D) Report any signs of heart failure to the healthcare provider is incorrect as alogliptin is not associated with an increased risk of heart failure. This instruction would be more relevant for medications like certain types of antihypertensives or NSAIDs that carry a risk of exacerbating heart failure. In an educational context, understanding the potential side effects and monitoring parameters associated with specific medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to clients. Educating clients about their medications empowers them to take an active role in their health management and promotes medication adherence and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed sevelamer carbonate, the nurse should monitor for hypercalcemia as a potential side effect. Sevelamer carbonate can bind to dietary calcium and impair its absorption, potentially leading to elevated calcium levels in the blood. Monitoring calcium levels is crucial to detect and manage hypercalcemia promptly.