HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed alogliptin. What instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Report any signs of pancreatitis to the healthcare provider. Alogliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor commonly used in the management of type 2 diabetes. One of the rare but serious side effects of DPP-4 inhibitors is pancreatitis. As such, it is crucial for the client to be vigilant for any signs or symptoms of pancreatitis, such as severe abdominal pain, and report them to the healthcare provider promptly. Option B) Take this medication with meals is incorrect because alogliptin can be taken with or without food, so it is not necessary to take it specifically with meals. Option C) Avoid alcohol while taking this medication is incorrect as there is no specific interaction between alogliptin and alcohol. However, it is always advisable for individuals with diabetes to consume alcohol in moderation. Option D) Report any signs of heart failure to the healthcare provider is incorrect as alogliptin is not associated with an increased risk of heart failure. This instruction would be more relevant for medications like certain types of antihypertensives or NSAIDs that carry a risk of exacerbating heart failure. In an educational context, understanding the potential side effects and monitoring parameters associated with specific medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to clients. Educating clients about their medications empowers them to take an active role in their health management and promotes medication adherence and safety.
Question 2 of 5
The healthcare professional is caring for a patient with a new order for an oral laxative. Which is a contraindication in administering an oral laxative?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering an oral laxative to a patient with abdominal pain of unknown origin is contraindicated because it could be a sign of a more serious underlying condition that needs immediate medical evaluation. Giving a laxative in such a situation without proper diagnosis could potentially worsen the patient's condition or delay appropriate treatment.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare professional is preparing client teaching materials on commonly used medications. Which client is most likely to benefit from a client education package about simvastatin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Simvastatin is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular diseases. It is commonly prescribed for individuals at risk of heart-related conditions. Angina is a symptom of underlying heart disease, and individuals with this condition would benefit most from simvastatin to help manage their cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, the 50-year-old male with a history of angina is the most suitable candidate for client education regarding simvastatin.
Question 4 of 5
When administering medications to a group of clients, which client should the nurse closely monitor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), it is crucial for nurses to understand the nephrotoxic potential of certain medications. In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Vancomycin. Vancomycin is known to be nephrotoxic and can cause AKI, especially when given in high doses or for prolonged periods. Lorazepam (A) is a benzodiazepine used for its anxiolytic properties and is not associated with AKI. Sucralfate (B) is a medication used to treat ulcers by forming a protective barrier in the stomach and is not typically linked to AKI. Digoxin (C) is a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart conditions and does not have a direct nephrotoxic effect. Educationally, understanding the nephrotoxic potential of medications is vital for nurses to provide safe care to clients. It is essential to closely monitor clients receiving nephrotoxic drugs like Vancomycin for signs and symptoms of AKI, such as decreased urine output, edema, and changes in lab values like elevated serum creatinine levels. This knowledge helps nurses prevent, recognize, and manage potential complications, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
Question 5 of 5
Which action should be taken to assess for analgesic tolerance in a client who is unable to communicate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In clients who are unable to communicate, observing for pain behaviors is crucial in assessing analgesic tolerance. Changes in pain behaviors can indicate if the current analgesic regimen is effective or if tolerance has developed. Therefore, closely observing the client for pain behaviors before the next analgesic dose helps healthcare providers evaluate the client's response to pain management.