A client with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed linagliptin. The nurse should monitor for which potential adverse effect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed linagliptin, the nurse should monitor for pancreatitis as a potential adverse effect. Linagliptin has been associated with rare cases of pancreatitis; therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting is crucial to ensure timely intervention and management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Bleeding. Dabigatran is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting clot formation in patients with conditions like deep vein thrombosis. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for signs of bleeding, as anticoagulants can increase the risk of bleeding events. Option B) Weight gain is incorrect because dabigatran is not known to cause weight gain as a side effect. Option C) Headache is also incorrect as it is not a common adverse effect of dabigatran. Option D) Nausea is not typically associated with dabigatran use either. Educationally, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Monitoring for and recognizing adverse effects early can help prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. In the case of anticoagulants like dabigatran, vigilance for signs of bleeding is especially important due to the nature of the medication's mechanism of action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Bradycardia. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker medication commonly used to treat hypertension. The main mechanism of action of beta-blockers like metoprolol is to reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart. As a result, one of the potential side effects of metoprolol is bradycardia, or a slow heart rate. Option B) Tachycardia is incorrect because metoprolol actually works to decrease heart rate, so tachycardia would not be an expected side effect. Option C) Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with metoprolol use. In fact, beta-blockers can sometimes mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients, but they do not usually cause hyperglycemia. Option D) Hyponatremia is also not a common side effect of metoprolol. Hyponatremia is more commonly associated with diuretic medications that can cause electrolyte imbalances. In an educational context, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial for healthcare providers to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the potential side effects of a medication like metoprolol, healthcare providers can monitor patients appropriately and intervene if necessary to prevent any adverse outcomes. This knowledge helps ensure patient safety and optimal treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed calcium acetate, the nurse must monitor for hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, or hypokalemia. Calcium acetate can increase calcium levels in the blood, leading to hypercalcemia. Symptoms of hypercalcemia include fatigue, confusion, constipation, and muscle weakness. Regular monitoring of calcium levels is crucial to prevent complications associated with elevated calcium levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tofacitinib is an immunosuppressive medication used in rheumatoid arthritis. Patients taking tofacitinib should avoid live vaccines because the medication can weaken the immune system, making live vaccines potentially harmful. It is essential to educate the client on this to prevent any complications related to live vaccines during their treatment.