HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 55 Questions 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed ipratropium. The nurse should assess the client for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Dry mouth. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic medication commonly used in the treatment of COPD. Anticholinergic medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various bodily functions. Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a common side effect of anticholinergic medications like ipratropium due to their ability to reduce saliva production. Option A) Nausea is less likely to be a side effect of ipratropium. While gastrointestinal side effects can occur with some medications, dry mouth is more commonly associated with anticholinergic drugs like ipratropium. Option C) Cough is not a typical side effect of ipratropium. In fact, ipratropium is used to help relieve cough associated with COPD by dilating the airways and reducing bronchospasms. Option D) Palpitations are also not a common side effect of ipratropium. Palpitations, which refer to the sensation of feeling your heart beating rapidly or irregularly, are not typically associated with this medication. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Knowing the common side effects of medications allows for early recognition and intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes and safety. In the case of ipratropium, being aware of the potential side effect of dry mouth can help nurses educate patients, monitor for adverse reactions, and provide appropriate interventions if needed.
Question 2 of 5
A client with severe rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bone marrow suppression. Methotrexate, commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to bone marrow suppression, reducing the production of blood cells and increasing the risk of infection. Monitoring for signs of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia is crucial to detect bone marrow suppression early and prevent complications.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a history of hypertension is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. The practical nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. Monitoring for hypokalemia is essential because it can cause various complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias. Therefore, the practical nurse should closely watch for signs and symptoms of low potassium levels in clients taking hydrochlorothiazide.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin. The nurse should monitor for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythropoietin is a medication commonly used to stimulate red blood cell production in individuals with chronic kidney disease. One of the potential adverse effects of erythropoietin therapy is hypertension. The increased production of red blood cells can lead to elevated blood pressure levels. Therefore, monitoring for hypertension is essential to ensure the client's safety and well-being while on this medication.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a history of seizures is prescribed valproic acid. The nurse should monitor for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Liver toxicity. Valproic acid is known to have potential hepatotoxic effects, making liver toxicity a significant concern when administering this medication. As a nurse, it is crucial to monitor liver function tests regularly to detect any signs of liver damage early on. Option B) Kidney stones is incorrect because valproic acid is not associated with the formation of kidney stones. Option C) Weight gain is a common side effect of valproic acid but is not as critical or potentially harmful as liver toxicity. Option D) Pancreatitis is also a known adverse effect of valproic acid, but liver toxicity is a more immediate and severe concern that requires close monitoring. In an educational context, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is essential for safe and effective nursing practice. Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring for adverse effects to prevent complications and provide timely interventions. By knowing the specific adverse effects of medications like valproic acid, nurses can ensure the well-being of their patients and promote positive health outcomes.