A client with chronic heart failure is prescribed furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effect?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a client with chronic heart failure is prescribed furosemide, a diuretic, the nurse should be vigilant for potential adverse effects. Furosemide can lead to excessive fluid loss, resulting in dehydration. Dehydration is a significant concern as it can exacerbate heart failure symptoms. Additionally, furosemide can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly affecting potassium and sodium levels. Monitoring for signs of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances is crucial to prevent complications and ensure the client's safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. Monitoring for hypokalemia is essential because it can cause various complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias. Therefore, the practical nurse should closely watch for signs and symptoms of low potassium levels in clients taking hydrochlorothiazide.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Erythropoietin is a medication commonly used to stimulate red blood cell production in individuals with chronic kidney disease. One of the potential adverse effects of erythropoietin therapy is hypertension. The increased production of red blood cells can lead to elevated blood pressure levels. Therefore, monitoring for hypertension is essential to ensure the client's safety and well-being while on this medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Liver toxicity. Valproic acid is known to have potential hepatotoxic effects, making liver toxicity a significant concern when administering this medication. As a nurse, it is crucial to monitor liver function tests regularly to detect any signs of liver damage early on. Option B) Kidney stones is incorrect because valproic acid is not associated with the formation of kidney stones. Option C) Weight gain is a common side effect of valproic acid but is not as critical or potentially harmful as liver toxicity. Option D) Pancreatitis is also a known adverse effect of valproic acid, but liver toxicity is a more immediate and severe concern that requires close monitoring. In an educational context, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is essential for safe and effective nursing practice. Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring for adverse effects to prevent complications and provide timely interventions. By knowing the specific adverse effects of medications like valproic acid, nurses can ensure the well-being of their patients and promote positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hypertension. Epoetin alfa is a medication commonly prescribed to stimulate red blood cell production in individuals with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing dialysis. One of the potential adverse effects of epoetin alfa is hypertension. This occurs due to the drug's ability to increase red blood cell production, which can lead to elevated blood pressure. Option B) Hypotension is incorrect because epoetin alfa is more likely to cause hypertension rather than hypotension. Option C) Hyperglycemia is not directly associated with epoetin alfa use in individuals with chronic kidney disease. This side effect is more commonly seen in medications like corticosteroids or certain antipsychotic drugs. Option D) Tachycardia is not a typical adverse effect of epoetin alfa. While the drug can increase blood viscosity, leading to potential cardiovascular issues, tachycardia is not a common side effect. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential adverse effects of medications, especially in patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease. Monitoring for and recognizing these side effects promptly can help prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. By understanding the pharmacological actions of drugs like epoetin alfa, nurses can provide safe and effective care to their patients.