HESI LPN
HESI Pharmacology Exam Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is prescribed ziprasidone. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a client diagnosed with schizophrenia prescribed ziprasidone, the nurse should monitor the client for potential side effects, particularly QT prolongation. Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic known to have the side effect of QT prolongation, which can lead to serious cardiac complications such as arrhythmias. Monitoring the client's ECG for any signs of QT prolongation is crucial to prevent adverse events. Regarding the other options: - Weight gain is a common side effect of many antipsychotic medications, but it is not specifically associated with ziprasidone. - Dry mouth is a common side effect of antipsychotics, but it is not a significant concern compared to QT prolongation in this scenario. - Increased appetite is another common side effect of some antipsychotics, but it is not directly related to ziprasidone. Educationally, understanding the side effect profile of different antipsychotic medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to provide safe and effective care to clients with mental health conditions. Monitoring for specific side effects based on the medication prescribed can help prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.
Question 2 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus type 1 is prescribed insulin lispro. When should the nurse instruct the client to administer this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and diabetes management, the correct answer is A) 5-10 minutes before meals for administering insulin lispro. Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that is designed to mimic the body's natural insulin response to meals. By administering it 5-10 minutes before meals, the client can ensure that the insulin is available to manage the rise in blood sugar that occurs after eating. Option B) 15 minutes after meals is incorrect because insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that should be administered prior to meals to effectively control postprandial blood sugar levels. Waiting until after meals could result in inadequate control of blood sugar levels. Option C) 30 minutes before meals is incorrect as it is too early for the onset of action of insulin lispro, which peaks around 30-90 minutes after administration. Administering it 30 minutes before meals may lead to hypoglycemia as the insulin's action may peak before the rise in blood sugar from the meal. Option D) 1 hour after meals is also incorrect because insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that is meant to be administered before meals to coincide with the postprandial rise in blood sugar levels. Waiting until 1 hour after meals would not effectively manage blood sugar levels in a timely manner. Educationally, understanding the timing of insulin administration in relation to meals is crucial for nurses caring for clients with diabetes. Teaching clients the appropriate timing of insulin administration can help them achieve better glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications associated with diabetes. It is important for nurses to educate clients on the action of different types of insulin to ensure safe and effective diabetes management.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a history of stroke is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by thinning the blood. One of the potential side effects of warfarin is an increased risk of bleeding. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the client for signs of bleeding, such as unusual bruising, blood in the urine or stool, or prolonged bleeding from cuts or gums. Prompt recognition and management of bleeding are essential to prevent complications.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder is prescribed lorazepam. The client should be informed that this medication may have which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drowsiness. Lorazepam, a medication commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, can lead to drowsiness as a common side effect. It is important for clients to be aware of this potential effect, and they should be advised to avoid activities like driving until they understand how the medication affects them. Dry mouth, nausea, and headache are possible side effects of other medications but are less commonly associated with lorazepam.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a history of atrial fibrillation is prescribed apixaban. The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding. Apixaban is an anticoagulant medication that works by decreasing the blood's ability to clot. One of the significant side effects of apixaban is an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of bleeding, such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, blood in the urine or stool, or unusual bleeding or bruising. Monitoring for these signs is crucial to prevent or manage any potential complications associated with the medication.