HESI LPN
HESI Practice Test Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is prescribed olanzapine. The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a client with schizophrenia is prescribed olanzapine, the nurse should monitor for weight gain as a potential side effect. Olanzapine is known to cause metabolic changes that can lead to weight gain, making it crucial for the nurse to closely monitor the client's weight during treatment. This side effect is significant as it can impact the client's overall health and well-being, so early detection and intervention are essential to manage it effectively.
Question 2 of 5
A client with hypertension is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Hypokalemia. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that works by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes like sodium and potassium from the body. Hypokalemia is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide due to the excessive loss of potassium in the urine. Hyperkalemia (option A) is unlikely because hydrochlorothiazide typically leads to potassium loss, not retention. Hypernatremia (option C) and hyponatremia (option D) are related to disturbances in sodium levels, which can occur with other medications but are not the primary concern with hydrochlorothiazide use. Educationally, understanding the side effects of specific drug classes is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Monitoring for potential side effects allows for early detection and intervention to prevent complications in patients. In the case of hydrochlorothiazide, being vigilant for signs of hypokalemia is essential to prevent adverse outcomes in individuals with hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed leflunomide. What instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leflunomide can increase sensitivity to sunlight. While it is important to avoid excessive sun exposure, the critical instruction for the client is to avoid alcohol while taking this medication. Alcohol can potentiate the hepatotoxic effects of leflunomide, making it crucial for the client to abstain from alcohol consumption to prevent liver damage.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a history of deep vein thrombosis is prescribed enoxaparin. The nurse should monitor for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant that works by preventing blood clots. One of the potential adverse effects of enoxaparin is an increased risk of bleeding due to its anticoagulant properties. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of bleeding, such as easy bruising, petechiae, or blood in stool or urine, to ensure timely intervention and prevent complications.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder is prescribed lamotrigine. The nurse should monitor for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a client with bipolar disorder prescribed lamotrigine, monitoring for a rash is crucial due to the risk of a severe skin reaction called Stevens-Johnson syndrome. This life-threatening condition can occur with lamotrigine use, especially during the first few months of treatment. Therefore, identifying and addressing a rash promptly is essential to prevent serious complications. The incorrect options (B) Tremors, (C) Hair loss, and (D) Weight gain are not typically associated with lamotrigine use. Tremors are more commonly linked to medications like lithium or antipsychotics. Hair loss is not a known adverse effect of lamotrigine. Weight gain is a side effect seen with some other psychiatric medications like certain atypical antipsychotics, but not commonly with lamotrigine. Educationally, understanding the potential adverse effects of psychotropic medications is crucial for nurses caring for clients with mental health conditions. This knowledge allows for early recognition of side effects, appropriate monitoring, and timely interventions to ensure client safety and optimal treatment outcomes.