A client is receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Which information should the nurse include in this client's medication teaching plan?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct information to include in the medication teaching plan for a client receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis is to avoid alcohol consumption. Metronidazole can cause a disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, flushing, and headache. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to abstain from alcohol while taking this medication to prevent adverse effects and ensure treatment effectiveness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To accurately determine peak and trough levels of vancomycin, blood should be drawn two hours after the completion of the IV dose and 30 minutes before the next dose. This timing allows for appropriate assessment of the drug levels in the body, ensuring accurate monitoring of therapeutic and toxic concentrations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A glucagon emergency kit is used when signs of severe hypoglycemia occur in a client with Type 1 diabetes. Glucagon helps to raise blood glucose levels in cases of severe hypoglycemia where the individual is unable to take oral glucose. It is crucial to administer glucagon promptly to prevent serious complications associated with low blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. It is crucial for the nurse to obtain information regarding the client's pregnancy status before administering misoprostol, as this medication is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential to cause uterine contractions. This can lead to serious complications such as miscarriage or premature birth. Therefore, assessing whether the client is currently pregnant is essential to ensure the safe administration of misoprostol.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Withhold the dose until regular insulin is available. The rationale behind this answer is that regular insulin and isophane insulin are two different types of insulin with distinct onset and peak action times. Regular insulin has a faster onset and shorter duration of action compared to isophane insulin, which has a slower onset and longer duration of action. Administering isophane insulin instead of regular insulin could lead to inappropriate blood glucose control due to the mismatch in timing of insulin action. Therefore, it is crucial to wait until the correct type of insulin (regular insulin) is available to ensure safe and effective management of the client's blood glucose levels. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Withdrawing ten units of regular insulin from the 70/30 vial is incorrect because 70/30 insulin is a premixed insulin containing both regular and isophane insulin. This would not provide the client with the required dose of regular insulin alone. C) Obtaining a new vial of regular insulin and withholding is incorrect as it delays the administration of insulin without addressing the immediate need for the correct type of insulin. D) Pulling up 30 units from the 70/30 vial but only administering 10 units is incorrect as it still involves administering a mixture of regular and isophane insulin, which is not the appropriate treatment in this case. This question highlights the importance of understanding the differences between various types of insulin and the significance of administering the correct type at the right time to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and patient safety in pharmacological practice.