HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is prescribed methylprednisolone for an allergic reaction. The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Weight gain. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid medication that can cause fluid retention and increased appetite, leading to weight gain as a common side effect. Option A) Nausea and vomiting are less likely side effects of methylprednisolone compared to weight gain. Option C) Insomnia is not a commonly associated side effect of methylprednisolone. Corticosteroids can actually cause drowsiness in some individuals. Option D) Increased appetite is a possible side effect of methylprednisolone, but the key concern in this case is the weight gain that can result from the combination of increased appetite and fluid retention. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the common side effects of medications to effectively monitor and manage their patients. In the case of corticosteroids like methylprednisolone, educating patients about potential side effects such as weight gain can help them make informed decisions and adhere to their treatment plans. Monitoring for side effects also allows for timely intervention to minimize any negative impacts on the patient's health.
Question 2 of 5
A client is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. The practical nurse should reinforce which instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are sensitive to heat and moisture, so they should be stored in a cool, dry place to maintain their efficacy. Choice B is incorrect because nitroglycerin tablets should be taken as directed by the healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because sublingual tablets should be placed under the tongue to dissolve, not swallowed. Choice D is incorrect because sublingual tablets should not be chewed; they are meant to be absorbed through the tissues under the tongue.
Question 3 of 5
A client with severe depression is prescribed sertraline. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Clients should not stop taking sertraline abruptly once they feel better without consulting their healthcare provider. It is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed to prevent a relapse of symptoms. Stopping the medication suddenly can lead to withdrawal symptoms and may worsen the condition.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a history of atrial fibrillation is prescribed digoxin. The nurse should monitor for which sign of digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bradycardia is a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin, a medication used to treat atrial fibrillation, can lead to toxicity manifesting as various cardiac dysrhythmias, with bradycardia being a notable indicator. Monitoring for bradycardia is crucial as it can indicate the need for dosage adjustment or discontinuation of digoxin to prevent adverse effects.
Question 5 of 5
A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prescribed omeprazole. The nurse should reinforce which instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with GERD prescribed omeprazole is to take the medication in the morning before breakfast. Omeprazole works best when taken on an empty stomach, approximately 30 minutes before the first meal of the day. This timing maximizes its effectiveness in reducing stomach acid production and helps manage symptoms of GERD more efficiently.