A client has been diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma. The health care provider prescribes pilocarpine 1% eye drops. The nurse explains that which action of this drug makes it a useful treatment for the client's condition?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pilocarpine, a cholinergic agent, stimulates the ciliary muscle to contract, which opens the trabecular meshwork and facilitates the outflow of aqueous humor, reducing intraocular pressure. This mechanism helps in managing open-angle glaucoma by improving drainage and lowering pressure within the eye.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Dry mouth. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic medication commonly used in the treatment of COPD. Anticholinergic medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various bodily functions. Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a common side effect of anticholinergic medications like ipratropium due to their ability to reduce saliva production. Option A) Nausea is less likely to be a side effect of ipratropium. While gastrointestinal side effects can occur with some medications, dry mouth is more commonly associated with anticholinergic drugs like ipratropium. Option C) Cough is not a typical side effect of ipratropium. In fact, ipratropium is used to help relieve cough associated with COPD by dilating the airways and reducing bronchospasms. Option D) Palpitations are also not a common side effect of ipratropium. Palpitations, which refer to the sensation of feeling your heart beating rapidly or irregularly, are not typically associated with this medication. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Knowing the common side effects of medications allows for early recognition and intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes and safety. In the case of ipratropium, being aware of the potential side effect of dry mouth can help nurses educate patients, monitor for adverse reactions, and provide appropriate interventions if needed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a client with chronic heart failure is prescribed furosemide, a diuretic, the nurse should be vigilant for potential adverse effects. Furosemide can lead to excessive fluid loss, resulting in dehydration. Dehydration is a significant concern as it can exacerbate heart failure symptoms. Additionally, furosemide can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly affecting potassium and sodium levels. Monitoring for signs of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances is crucial to prevent complications and ensure the client's safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bone marrow suppression. Methotrexate, commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to bone marrow suppression, reducing the production of blood cells and increasing the risk of infection. Monitoring for signs of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia is crucial to detect bone marrow suppression early and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. Monitoring for hypokalemia is essential because it can cause various complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias. Therefore, the practical nurse should closely watch for signs and symptoms of low potassium levels in clients taking hydrochlorothiazide.