A client arrives to the emergency department experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The healthcare provider prescribes an insulin intravenous drip. Which type of insulin should the nurse locate for the registered nurse to mix into the intravenous fluids?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct insulin type for the nurse to mix into the intravenous fluids is regular insulin. In the scenario of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), rapid reduction of blood glucose levels is crucial. Regular insulin has a fast onset of action, making it suitable for intravenous administration to address the high blood sugar levels seen in DKA. Isophane, Glargine, and Detemir are not appropriate choices for intravenous administration in this emergency situation as they are intermediate-acting or long-acting insulins.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Atorvastatin is a medication commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels. The correct answer is A) Muscle pain and weakness. This is because atorvastatin, a statin medication, has been associated with a potential adverse effect known as myopathy, which can manifest as muscle pain and weakness. Monitoring for these symptoms is crucial to prevent serious complications like rhabdomyolysis. Option B) Headache is incorrect because headaches are not a common adverse effect of atorvastatin. Option C) Hepatotoxicity is incorrect as well, though statins can affect liver enzymes, hepatotoxicity is a rare adverse effect. Option D) Gastrointestinal bleeding is not typically associated with atorvastatin use. Educationally, it is important for healthcare professionals to understand the common adverse effects of medications to provide safe and effective patient care. Monitoring for potential adverse effects allows for early detection and intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes. In the case of atorvastatin, being vigilant for muscle pain and weakness can prevent serious complications and ensure patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed metformin is to take the medication with a full glass of water. This helps ensure proper ingestion and absorption of the medication. While taking metformin with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects, the primary focus should be on adequate hydration and absorption by taking it with water.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Constipation. Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting, particularly in clients undergoing chemotherapy or surgery. Constipation is a potential adverse effect of ondansetron due to its impact on gut motility. Option A) Headache is a common side effect of ondansetron but not directly related to gastrointestinal effects. Option B) Diarrhea is less likely with ondansetron as it is more commonly associated with laxatives or antibiotics. Option D) Increased appetite is not a known side effect of ondansetron. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is vital for nurses to provide safe patient care. Monitoring for adverse effects helps in early detection and intervention, ensuring client safety and treatment efficacy. It is essential for nurses to have a comprehensive understanding of pharmacology to make informed clinical decisions and provide quality care to their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Bruising. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver. This can lead to an increased risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin. Bruising is a common early sign of potential bleeding in patients on anticoagulant therapy like warfarin. Option A) Elevated blood pressure is not directly related to the potential bleeding risk associated with warfarin. Option C) Shortness of breath is more commonly associated with respiratory or cardiac issues rather than bleeding due to warfarin. Option D) Nausea and vomiting are not specific signs of bleeding related to warfarin therapy. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to be aware of the potential side effects and risks associated with anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin, to ensure patient safety and provide appropriate monitoring and care. Understanding the signs and symptoms of bleeding helps nurses to promptly identify and address any complications that may arise in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.