HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
.A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Recognize signs of hypoglycemia. This is crucial in the discharge teaching for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus because hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can occur when too much insulin is administered or when the child skips meals. Recognizing the signs of hypoglycemia is essential for prompt intervention to prevent serious consequences like seizures or loss of consciousness. Option A) Monitor blood glucose levels once a day is incorrect as children with type 1 diabetes typically need to monitor their blood glucose levels multiple times a day to ensure they are within the target range. Option B) Follow a strict meal plan is also incorrect as meal planning is important, but not the most critical aspect for immediate post-hospital discharge teaching. It is important to individualize meal plans based on the child's specific needs and preferences. Option C) Administer insulin only when blood glucose is high is incorrect as children with type 1 diabetes need to adhere to a prescribed insulin regimen that includes both long-acting and short-acting insulin doses to maintain blood glucose levels within the target range. In an educational context, teaching parents and caregivers how to recognize and respond to hypoglycemia is a fundamental aspect of managing type 1 diabetes in children. By understanding the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, caregivers can take appropriate action to prevent complications and ensure the child's safety and well-being.
Question 2 of 5
A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Apply topical corticosteroids as prescribed.' Atopic dermatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and itchiness of the skin. Topical corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms in atopic dermatitis. Teaching the caregiver to apply the medication as prescribed by the healthcare provider is crucial for managing the child's condition effectively. Choices A, C, and D are not the priority discharge teaching for atopic dermatitis. While avoiding triggers that cause flare-ups and contact with sick individuals can be beneficial, the immediate focus should be on proper medication administration to address the underlying inflammation and symptoms of atopic dermatitis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a 7-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is to monitor blood glucose levels. This is crucial for managing and adjusting insulin therapy effectively. Administering insulin as prescribed is important, but monitoring blood glucose levels takes precedence as it guides insulin administration. Teaching the child how to self-administer insulin and encouraging regular exercise are also important aspects of diabetes management, but they are not the priority in this situation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected pertussis. What clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Severe coughing spells. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, typically presents with severe coughing spells that can be followed by a characteristic 'whoop' sound. These coughing fits can be intense and prolonged, often causing the child to gasp for air between coughs. Option A, dry hacking cough, is a common symptom of other respiratory conditions like bronchitis. Option B, inspiratory stridor, is more commonly associated with conditions like croup. Option C, nasal congestion, is not a typical symptom of pertussis.
Question 5 of 5
A child with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct dietary instruction for a child with GERD is to avoid gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and it can exacerbate GERD symptoms in some individuals. Avoiding gluten can help reduce inflammation and irritation in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby alleviating symptoms of GERD. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while spicy foods, high-fat foods, and dairy products can trigger GERD symptoms in some individuals, avoiding gluten specifically is more relevant for managing GERD.