A 10-year-old girl is living with a foster family. Which intervention is the priority for the child in this family structure?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Performing a comprehensive health assessment is crucial for a child living with a foster family as they may have moved between different homes, leading to incomplete medical records. This assessment helps identify any existing health issues, ensure appropriate care, and address any unmet health needs. While addressing issues like bullying or parental expectations is important, the immediate priority should be ensuring the child's overall health and well-being. Establishing the actual caretaker is also important but may not be as urgent as addressing potential health concerns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Peeling skin on the hands and feet is a characteristic clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease, known as desquamation. This occurs during the convalescent phase of the illness. While Kawasaki disease is associated with a high fever, which is a common early sign, and can also present with other symptoms like conjunctivitis, mucous membrane changes, and lymphadenopathy, the peeling skin on the hands and feet is a classic feature that distinguishes Kawasaki disease from other conditions. Generalized rash is not a specific hallmark of Kawasaki disease, and low-grade fever is not typically associated with this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is B, peeling skin on the hands and feet, which is a key feature of Kawasaki disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to maintain a structured routine. Children with autism spectrum disorder benefit greatly from structured routines as they provide a sense of stability and predictability, which can help reduce anxiety and improve behavior. Encouraging social interaction (Choice B) is important but may need to be approached in a structured manner to prevent overwhelming the child. Positive reinforcement (Choice C) is also beneficial for behavior management but may not address the overall need for routine and predictability that is crucial for children with autism. Using a communication board (Choice D) may be helpful for facilitating communication, but establishing and maintaining a structured routine is fundamental for supporting the child's development and well-being in managing their autism spectrum disorder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring liver function tests regularly is crucial when a child with JIA is on methotrexate due to the potential hepatotoxicity associated with this medication. Methotrexate can lead to liver damage, hence monitoring helps in early detection and intervention. Encouraging regular exercise (Choice B) is generally good for children with JIA to maintain joint mobility and muscle strength, but it is not directly related to methotrexate therapy. Providing high-calorie snacks (Choice C) is not a priority consideration for a child on methotrexate. Encouraging frequent handwashing (Choice D) is important for infection control, but it is not specifically associated with methotrexate therapy in a child with JIA.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Burns on the lips and singed nasal hairs are indicative of an inhalation injury. This suggests that the child has likely inhaled hot gases or smoke, leading to damage in the respiratory tract. Choice A, chemical burn, is incorrect because the symptoms described are more aligned with inhalation rather than direct contact with chemicals. Choice C, electrical burn, is incorrect as there are no mentions of contact with an electrical source. Choice D, hot-water scald, is also incorrect as the presentation of burns on the lips and singed nasal hairs is not characteristic of scald injuries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual. Increased physical activity requires more energy, so additional food intake is necessary to compensate for the increased energy expenditure. This helps maintain blood sugar levels within the target range. Choice B is incorrect because the mode of insulin administration does not change based on physical activity; the type and dose of insulin remain the same unless adjusted by a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because insulin timing should not be adjusted solely based on anticipated exercise; consistent timing of insulin doses is crucial for stable blood sugar control. Choice D is incorrect because consuming foods with sugar may lead to unstable blood sugar levels and is not the recommended way to compensate for extra exercise, as it can result in sudden spikes and drops in blood glucose levels, affecting overall diabetes management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B. Placing the infant in an infant seat is essential after feeding to help keep the head elevated and reduce the risk of vomiting. This position helps prevent regurgitation of formula or milk. Rocking the infant (Choice A) is incorrect because it may exacerbate vomiting due to the movement. Placing the infant flat on the right side (Choice C) is incorrect as it does not promote proper digestion and can increase the risk of vomiting. Keeping the infant awake with sensory stimulation (Choice D) is incorrect as it does not directly address the physiological need to reduce vomiting after feeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct clinical manifestation the healthcare provider is likely to observe in a child with suspected intussusception is abdominal distension. Intussusception involves one portion of the intestine telescoping into another, causing obstruction. Abdominal distension is a common symptom due to the obstruction and buildup of gas and fluid in the affected area. While projectile vomiting can occur, it is not as specific to intussusception as abdominal distension. Currant jelly stools, which are stools containing blood and mucus, are a classic sign of intussusception but are not a clinical manifestation observable on assessment. Constipation is not typically associated with intussusception, as this condition often presents with symptoms of bowel obstruction rather than constipation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'It is a condition affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.' Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It is caused by a defective gene that leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus in these organs. This mucus can clog airways in the lungs and block the ducts in the pancreas, affecting digestion. Choice B is incorrect because cystic fibrosis is not an autoimmune disorder; it is a genetic condition. Choice C is partially correct in that cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, but merely managing it with medication oversimplifies the comprehensive care needed for individuals with cystic fibrosis. Choice D is incorrect as cystic fibrosis is not caused by prenatal exposure to toxins but is a genetic condition inherited from parents.