ATI LPN
Lewis's Medical Surgical Nursing in Canada, 5th Edition
Chapter 7 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Findings from a health history indicate that the patient takes daily supplements of the antioxidants beta carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E. This health practice reflects which of the following theories of biological aging?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Free radicals are natural by-products of many normal cellular processes and are also created under the influence of environmental factors such as smog, tobacco smoke, and radiation. Numerous natural protective mechanisms are in place to prevent oxidative damage. Recent research has focused on the roles of various antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, in slowing down the oxidative process and, ultimately, the aging process. The somatic mutation theory focuses on spontaneous mutations. The crosslinking theory is based upon lipids, proteins, CHO, and nucleic acid reactions. The telomere-telomerase depletion theory focuses on the loss of telomeres, repeated sequences at the ends of DNA.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing the nutritional status of an older-adult patient using the SCALES acronym. Which of the following should the nurse assess when completing the 'S'?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The acronym SCALES can be used to remind the nurses to assess important nutritional indicators. In the case of the 'S,' the nurse is to assess sadness or mood changes.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is planning care for an alert and active older-adult patient who takes multiple medications for persistent cardiac and respiratory disease and lives with a daughter who works during the day. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's age and multiple medications indicate a risk for injury caused by interactions between the multiple drugs being taken and a decreased drug metabolism rate. The patient data do not indicate problems with social isolation, caregiver role strain, or compromised family coping.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following actions would enable the nurse to obtain the most complete information when doing an assessment with an older-adult patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most complete information about the patient will be obtained through the use of an assessment instrument specific to the geriatric population, which includes information about both medical diagnoses and treatments and about functional health patterns and abilities. A review of the chart, interviews of the patient and caregiver, and written information by the patient will all be included in a comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following actions should the nurse consider when developing the plan of care for an older adult who is hospitalized for an acute illness?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The plan of care for older persons should be individualized and based on the patient's current functional abilities. A standardized geriatric nursing care plan will not address individual patient needs and strengths. A patient's need for discharge to a long-term care facility is variable. Activity level should be designed to allow the patient to retain functional abilities while hospitalized and also to allow any additional rest needed for recovery from the acute process.