ATI LPN
Lewis's Medical Surgical Nursing in Canada, 5th Edition
Chapter 17 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A young adult who uses injectable illegal drugs asks the nurse about preventing AIDS. Which of the following information should the nurse inform the patient is the best way to reduce the risk of HIV infection from drug use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Participation in needle and syringe exchange programs has been shown to control the rate of HIV infection. Cleaning drug equipment before use also reduces risk, but it might not be consistently practised by individuals in withdrawal. HIV antibodies do not appear for several weeks to months after exposure, so testing drug users would not be very effective in reducing risk for HIV exposure. It is difficult to make appropriate decisions about sexual activity when under the influence of drugs.
Question 2 of 5
Replication of HIV is enhanced when the patient is taking which of the following herbs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some herbs (e.g., echinacea, astragalus) should not be used because they can enhance the replication of HIV. St. John's wort can interfere with ART rather than enhance replication of HIV. Saw palmetto does not enhance HIV replication.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following nursing actions will be most useful in assisting a young adult college student to adhere to a newly prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The best approach to improve adherence is to learn about important activities in the patient's life and adjust the ART around those activities. The other actions also are useful, but they will not improve adherence as much as individualizing the ART to the patient's schedule.
Question 4 of 5
A pregnant woman with a history of early persistent HIV infection is seen at the clinic. Which of the following information should the nurse include when teaching the patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Only 25% of infants born to HIV-positive mothers develop HIV infection, even when the mother does not use ART during pregnancy. The percentage drops to 2% when ART is used. Perinatal transmission can occur at any stage of HIV infection (although it is less likely to occur when the viral load is lower). ART can safely be used in pregnancy, although some ART drugs should be avoided.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate the effectiveness of ART?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The effectiveness of ART is measured by the decrease in the amount of virus detectable in the blood. The other tests are used to detect HIV antibodies, which remain positive even with effective ART.