ATI LPN
Lewis's Medical Surgical Nursing in Canada, 5th Edition
Chapter 17 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue and headaches is found to have a positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. In providing health teaching, which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After an initial positive EIA test, the EIA is repeated before more specific testing such as the Western blot is done. Viral cultures are not part of HIV testing. Because the nurse does not know how recently the patient was infected, it is not appropriate to predict the time frame for AIDS development. The Western blot tests for HIV antibodies, not for AIDS.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and HIV testing is positive. Based on diagnostic criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO), which of the following diagnoses should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Development of PCP pneumonia meets the diagnostic criterion for AIDS. The other responses indicate an earlier stage of HIV infection than is indicated by the PCP infection.
Question 3 of 5
After having a positive rapid-antibody test for HIV, a patient is anxious and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After an initial positive antibody test, the next step is retesting to confirm the results. A patient who is anxious is not likely to be able to take in new information or be willing to disclose information about HIV status of other individuals.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has diagnosed with AIDS tells the nurse, 'I have lots of thoughts about dying. Do you think I am just being morbid?' Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: More assessment of the patient's psychosocial status is needed before taking any other action. The statements, 'Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS' and 'It is important to focus on the good things in life' discourage the patient from sharing any further information with the nurse and decrease the nurse's ability to develop a trusting relationship with the patient. Although antidepressants may be helpful, the initial action should be further assessment of the patient's feelings.
Question 5 of 5
A pregnant woman with a history of early persistent HIV infection is seen at the clinic. Which of the following information should the nurse include when teaching the patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Only 25% of infants born to HIV-positive mothers develop HIV infection, even when the mother does not use ART during pregnancy. The percentage drops to 2% when ART is used. Perinatal transmission can occur at any stage of HIV infection (although it is less likely to occur when the viral load is lower). ART can safely be used in pregnancy, although some ART drugs should be avoided.