Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chronic (or noncommunicable) illnesses are typically characterized as having an uncertain etiology, multiple risk factors, long latency, prolonged duration, and a noninfectious origin and can be associated with impairments or functional disability. Abrupt onset, usually a single cause and cure most likely are characteristic of acute illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An outcome expectancy is the individual's belief that a specific behaviour will lead to certain outcomes. For example, the patient who tells the nurse that exercising helps people to lose weight is voicing an outcome expectancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The life expectancy in Canada is estimated to be 80 years, specifically in 2010, it was 78.5 years for males and 82.7 years for females.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Multimorbidity is the simultaneous occurrence of several chronic medical conditions, which may or may not be related to each other, in the same person. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and appendicitis are all acute conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Contextual factors are composed of external environmental factors (e.g. social attitudes, architectural characteristics, and legal and social structures, as well as climate, terrain, and so forth). The other choices represent internal personal factors (e.g. gender, age, coping styles, social background, education, profession, past and current experience, overall behaviour pattern, character, and other factors that influence how disability is experienced by the individual.