Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A personal directive or advance directive (or living will) enables a person, in advance of incapacity or serious illness or injury, to name a personal agent who will enforce the person's health care preferences and to outline values and beliefs that affect treatment and care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: One of the seven values outlined in the CNA Code of Ethics is preserving dignity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The doctrine of double effect is a moral principle that is sometimes evoked to further distinguish between active euthanasia and palliative sedation. This doctrine asserts that an action may have both good and bad effects, the action itself must be good or neutral, the good effect must be intended, and there must be sufficiently grave reasons to permit the bad effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sex selection, except for prevention of sex-linked disorders, payment for surrogacy, or creation of an embryo for purposes other than to create a human, and cloning are prohibited under federal law, or in the case of Quebec, provincial law.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is important to include a full discussion of DNR orders because too broad or narrow interpretation of those orders could result in the application of basic or advanced life support in ways that may be inconsistent with the patient's and family's wishes.