ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 33 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client's immune system has the ability to protect itself from external invaders. What type of immune function is present when this occurs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The immune system is a collection of specialized white blood cells and lymphoid tissues that maintain immunocompetence, the ability to cooperatively protect a person from external invaders and the body's own altered cells. Immunosuppression is the opposite and the white blood cells and lymphoid tissue are not able to protect a person from external invaders. An immune response, primarily involves the lymphocytes that are located in blood and lymphoid tissue. Immune incompatibility is not relevant in this situation.
Question 2 of 5
What type of cytokine will attract neutrophils and monocytes to remove debris?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lymphokines, a type of cytokine, attract cells when they detect antigens and direct B-cell lymphocytes to multiply and mature. Cytotoxic T cells bind to invading cells, destroy the targeted invader by altering their cellular membrane and intracellular environment, and stimulate the release of chemicals called lymphokines. Suppressor T cells limit or turn off the immune response in the absence of continued antigenic stimulation. Regulator T cells are made up of helper and suppressor cells.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is beginning the physical examination of a client who has reported fatigue. What documentation will the nurse provide to describe this general appraisal of the client's health?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The beginning of the physical examination is a general appraisal of the client's health. The nurse notes whether the client appears healthy, acutely or mildly ill, malnourished, extremely tired, or listless. The next thing the nurse will do is obtain vital signs and then perform a more comprehensive examination.
Question 4 of 5
An older adult client, who leads a sedentary lifestyle, and a younger client, who has a very stressful and active lifestyle, require a vaccine against a particular viral disorder. The nurse knows that in one of these clients, the vaccine will be less effective. In which client is the vaccine more likely to be less effective and why?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vaccines are less effective in an older adult than in a younger adult because the activity of the immune system declines with the aging process. The lifestyle of the client does not have great implications on the effectiveness of a vaccine.
Question 5 of 5
The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a cell-mediated response, T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen. For example, a cell-mediated response occurs when an organ is transplanted. Immunoglobulins hinder the antigens physically by neutralizing their toxins through agglutination or by causing them to precipitate.