Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A clear and minimal drain output indicates that the surgical site is healing appropriately and there is no significant infection or fluid accumulation. Redness and swelling, a clogged drain, or severe pain could indicate complications such as infection or obstruction, which would require further intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Although possibly uncomfortable or embarrassing for the client, the client should not be allowed out of bed after sedation due to safety concerns. Providing a bedpan or urinal is the safest option. The client may or may not need a urinary catheter, depending on the surgical procedure.

Correct Answer: A,B,C,D

Rationale: Older adults have many age-related physiologic changes that put them at higher risk of complications after surgery, including decreased cardiac output, decreased oxygenation of tissues, nocturia, and mobility issues. They also have a decreased ability to adapt to new surroundings, but this is not the same as being unable to adapt.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The proposed surgical site needs to be washed thoroughly and completely with the antimicrobial soap. Shaving, if absolutely necessary, should be done in the operative suite immediately before the operation begins, using sterile equipment. The client needs a full shower or bath (shower preferred). Washing the surgical site last ensures that soap does not run over the cleansed site if other areas are washed first.

Correct Answer: A,C,D,E

Rationale: Malnutrition can lead to poorer surgical outcomes for several reasons, including fragile skin that might break down, altered pharmacokinetics due to protein binding, poorer wound healing, and weakness or fatigue that can interfere with recovery. Malnutrition is not always associated with other comorbidities.