ATI LPN
Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
Chapter 8 : Overview of Genetics and Genomics in Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse should recognize that this patients health status may be the result of what phenomenon?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Many birth defects and common health conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, osteoarthritis, and diabetes, occur as a result of interactions of multiple gene mutations and environmental influences. Thus, they are called multifactorial or complex conditions. X-linked, autosomal recessive, and autosomal dominant conditions are caused by single gene mutations, not multiple gene interactions.
Question 2 of 5
Based on this patients history, what recommendation should the nurse make at the present time?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At the present time, the nurse should inform the woman about chromosome studies. Chromosome studies may be needed at any age, depending on the indication. Two common indications are a suspected diagnosis, such as Down syndrome, and a history of two or more unexplained pregnancy losses, which the woman has described. Instructing her to continue trying to get pregnant is redundant, and amniocentesis is a future consideration, not an immediate recommendation.
Question 3 of 5
What is the nurses best rationale for this?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first aim of genetic testing is to improve management, that is, identify people with treatable genetic conditions that could prove dangerous to their health if left untreated. Genetic screening for PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, and galactosemia allows early intervention. It does not assess infectious disease rates or future cancer risk, and while mandatory, the rationale should focus on the health benefits, not just compliance.
Question 4 of 5
Based on this information, what does the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurses must be alert for family histories indicating that multiple generations are affected with the same condition or that onset of disease is earlier than expected. The patient's symptoms of forgetfulness, jerky movements, and a family history of early-onset memory loss in her mother suggest Alzheimer's disease, which can have a genetic component, especially with early onset. Huntington disease involves more pronounced movement disorders, schizophrenia is less likely given the physical symptoms, and there is no evidence of a cerebrovascular accident.
Question 5 of 5
What could the nurse do to disseminate information about screening to more individuals?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The advantage of a health fair is that it will provide information on all age-related diseases and the prevention of disease, including those with genetic components like colon cancer. Referring all employees over 50 to a gastroenterologist is impractical, and a website or brochures may not reach as many people effectively as a health fair.