Chapter 12: Quality of Care: From Quality Assurance and Improvement to Cultures of Patient Safety -

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The first documented study in health care and nursing, based on the use of standards, is attributed to Florence Nightingale, who, in 1858, investigated the quality of care provided to military personnel.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In 1952, the Joint Committee on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) was formed, assuming responsibility for accrediting Canadian hospitals until 1958, when the Canadian Council on Hospital Services Accreditation (CCHS
A) was established to accredit health care agencies in Canada.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The common denominator of all quality assurance programs is standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Process standards are focused on nursing roles and activities to meet patient care goals. Examples of process standards include the nursing process, communication between nurses and patients, and nursing activities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Most instruments have demonstrated little more than face validity, raising questions about the value of results in quality assessment programs using inadequately tested instruments.