ATI LPN
Test Bank for Medical Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 10th Edition
Chapter 68 : Care of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client who returned from kidney transplantation 12 hours ago has low urine output, sediment, and hematuria. What should the nurse do?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The low urine output, sediment, and hematuria should be reported to the provider, as these could indicate complications such as rejection or obstruction in the newly transplanted kidney.
Question 2 of 5
In discharge teaching for a client post-kidney transplantation, which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: In discharge teaching, the nurse must emphasize that the client needs to have an antibiotic prophylactically before cleared procedures to prevent infection. There may be a need for dose reduction in medications if the kidney is not excreting them properly (antacids with magnesium, antibiotics, antidiabetic drugs, insulin, opioids, and anticoagulants).
Question 3 of 5
A client is undergoing hemodialysis. The client's blood pressure at the beginning of the procedure was 136/88 mm Hg, and now it is 100/54 mm Hg. What actions should the nurse perform to maintain blood pressure? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Hypotension occurs often during hemodialysis treatments as a result of vasodilation from the warmed dialysate. Adjusting the extracorporeal blood flow, placing the client in the Trendelenburg position, and administering a normal saline bolus can help stabilize blood pressure.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of pre-renal acute kidney injury. Which condition would the nurse expect to find in the client's recent history?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myocardial infarction can lead to decreased cardiac output, reducing renal perfusion and causing pre-renal acute kidney injury. Myelonephritis and kidney stones are more associated with intrinsic or post-renal causes, respectively, while septic shock could also contribute but is less specific in this context.
Question 5 of 5
A client is admitted with acute kidney injury (AKI) and a urine output of 2000 mL/day. What is the major concern of the nurse regarding this client's care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client may have an inflammatory cause of AKI with proteins entering the glomerulus and holding the fluid in the filtrate, causing polyuria. Electrolyte loss and fluid balance is essential. Edema and pain are not usually a problem with fluid loss. There could be changes in the client's cardiac, respiratory, and mental health status if the electrolyte imbalance is not treated.