ATI LPN
Test Bank for Medical Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 10th Edition
Chapter 64 : Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus who asks, 'Why is it necessary to maintain my blood glucose levels no lower than about 60 mg/dL?' How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because the brain cannot synthesize or store significant amounts of glucose, a continuous supply from the body's circulation is needed to meet the fuel demands of the central nervous system. The nurse should educate the client to prevent hypoglycemia. The body can use other sources of fuel, including fat and protein, and glucose is not directly involved in the production of red blood cells. Glucose in the blood does not directly prevent lactic acid formation.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse reviews laboratory results for a client with diabetes mellitus who presents with polyuria, lethargy, and a blood glucose of 500 mg/dL. Which laboratory result should the nurse correlate with the client's polyuria?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperglycemia causes hyperosmolarity of extracellular fluid, leading to polyuria from osmotic diuresis. The client's serum osmolarity is high, which correlates with polyuria. Serum sodium would be expected to be high due to dehydration, not low. Serum creatinine and urine ketone bodies are not directly related to polyuria in this context.
Question 3 of 5
After teaching a young adult client who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of the need for eye examinations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in North America. All clients with diabetes, regardless of age, should be examined by an ophthalmologist at diagnosis and at least yearly thereafter to monitor for retinopathy.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse assesses a client who has a 15-year history of diabetes and notes decreased tactile sensation in both feet. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is common in long-standing diabetes, increasing the risk of injury in areas with decreased sensation, such as the feet. Examining the feet for signs of injury is the priority to prevent complications like infections or ulcers. Documentation, assessing hand sensation, and notifying the provider should follow after the initial assessment.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse cares for a client who has a family history of diabetes mellitus. The client states, 'My father has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Will I develop this disease as well?' How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Risk for type 1 diabetes is influenced by inheritance of genes coding for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ tissue types. Having a parent with type 1 diabetes increases the risk, but environmental factors also play a role, so not everyone with these genes develops diabetes. The other statements are inaccurate.